Pemanfaatan Kompos Kulit Pisang dan Sampah Daun Ranting Pada Proses Remediasi Tanah Tercemar Limbah Oli

Utilization of Banana Peel and Leaf Litter Compost on the Remediation Process of Oil Waste Contaminated Soil

Abstrak. Oli bekas yang mencemari tanah yang ditunjukkan dengan tingginya kadar Total Petroleum Hidrokarbon (TPH) akan berdampak pada penurunan kualitas tanah. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasinya dengan bioremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) kualitas kompos berbahan baku kulit pisang dan sampah daun ranting, 2) pengaruh penambahan jenis kompos kulit pisang dan sampah daun ranting terhadap penurunan kadar TPH dan 3) konsentrasi kompos kulit pisang dan sampah daun ranting yang optimal dalam menurunkan kadar TPH pada proses bioremediasi tanah tercemar limbah oli. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor yaitu jenis kompos meliputi kulit pisang, sampah daun ranting, dan kombinasinya serta konsentrasi kompos 20%, 40%, dan 60% dengan 5 kali pengulangan, sehingga terdapat 45 unit. Parameter penelitian yang diukur meliputi: 1) kadar hara ketiga jenis kompos, 2) persentase kadar TPH awal dan akhir, dan 3) konsentrasi kompos yang optimal dalam menurunkan kadar TPH. Analisis data kadar hara dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif dibandingkan dengan kriteria Hardjowigeno (2003) dan data penurunan kadar TPH dianalisis dengan ANAVA dua arah dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kompos kombinasi kulit pisang dan sampah daun ranting mengandung kadar N 1,342% sangat tinggi, kadar C 0,29%, dan rasio C/N 0,216 sangat rendah; 2) terdapat pengaruh jenis pupuk kulit pisang, sampah daun ranting, kombinasinya dan jenis konsentrasi terhadap penurunan kadar TPH; 3) jenis pupuk kombinasi kulit pisang dan sampah daun ranting dan konsentrasi 60% merupakan jenis pupuk dan konsentrasi yang optimal dalam menurunkan kadar TPH dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 73,63%.

Kata kunci: bioremediasi; kompos; kulit pisang; sampah daun ranting; tanah tercemar limbah oli.

Abstract. Used oil that contaminated soil indicated by high levels of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) can lead decrease soil quality. One way to overcome this is with bioremediation. This study aims to determine: 1) the quality of compost made from banana peel and leaf litter, 2) the effect of banana peel and leaf litter compost addition to decrease TPH levels, and 3) the optimal concentration of compost to decrease TPH levels on bioremediation process of oil waste contaminated soil. This study was experimental used two-factorial completely randomized design, namely the type of compost of banana peel, leaf litter, and their combination and the type of concentration 20%, 40%, and 60% with 5 repetitions, so there are 45 units. The research parameters that measured include: 1) nutrient content of the three types of compost, 2) percentage of initial and final TPH levels, and 3) the optimal compost concentration in reducing TPH levels. Data of nutrient content were analyzed quantitative descriptive by comparing with Hardjowigeno’s criteria (2003) and the data of decreased TPH levels were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that: 1) the combination of banana peel and leaf litter compost contained very high N 1.342%, very low C 0.29% and C/N ratio 0.216; 2) the three types of compost and compost concentration affect the decreased levels of TPH; 3) the type compost combination and concentration of 60% was the optimal type and concentration of compost to decrease TPH levels with a percentage decrease of 73.63%.

Keywords: banana peel; bioremediation; compost; leaf litter; oil waste contaminated soil.