Representasi Bias Androgenic kepada Perempuan Santri dalam Fiksi Khlima Anis: Perspektif Antropologi Feminis

Representation of Androgenic Bias to female Santri in Khlima Anis's Fiction: A Feminist Anthropological Perspective

Furoidatul Husniah. 2019. NIM. 19070956009, “Representasi Bias Androgenic kepada Perempuan Santri dalam Fiksi Khlima Anis: Perspektif Antropologi Feminis”. Disertasi. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Promotor, Prof. Dr. Haris Supratno, Kopromotor, Dr. Heny Subandiyah, M.Hum.

Kata kunci: Bias Androgenic, Perempuan Santri, Fiksi, Antropologi Feminis.

Penelitian ini bertujuan:1) menemukan dominasi tokoh laki-laki; 2) menemukan subordinasi posisi dan peran perempuan santri, 3) menemukan relativitas budaya pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan perpsektif antropologi feminis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi heurmenetik. Sumber data penelitian dipilih dari tiga fiksi Khilma Anis yang berjudul Jadilah, Purnamaku, Ning (2016), Wigati (2018), Hati Suhita (2019). Data dikumpulkan dengan cara studi pustaka dan dianalisis dengan pendekatan holistik, selektif, dan terperinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) dominasi tokoh laki-laki yang digambarkan melalui karakterisasi tokoh dibagi menjadi empat, yakni kuasa orang tua laki-laki dalam menentukan pasangan hidup, kuasa orang tua laki-laki dalam pengambilan keputusan, kuasa terhadap tubuh perempuan santri yang menyangkut relasi suami-istri dan suami-istri dengan perempuan lain dan laki-laki lain, dan kuasa dari sifat maskulin terhadap feminin sebagai wujud konstruksi gender oleh masyarakat; 2) subordinasi posisi dan peran perempuan santri, yaitu perempuan santri bertugas dalam ranah domestik, perempuan santri tidak boleh tampil di depan umum, perempuan santri mendapatkan perlakuan tidak adil, dan pandangan rendah dari lingkungan sekitar;

3) relativitas budaya pesantren yaitu budaya pesantren, budaya Jawa, dan budaya santri Jawa. Melalui fiksi Khilma Anis tergambarkan keunikan budaya yang mengatur sistem relasi gender berdasarkan temuan penelitian menghasilkan proposisi 1) dominasi tokoh laki-laki melalui penggambaran karakterisasinya memiliki pola yang mengkhususkan hubungan antarjenis kelamin menjadi sistem berkehidupan dalam budaya pesantren 2) subordinasi memberikan penjelasan secara sosial pada peran dan posisi perempuan dalam masyarakat dan perbedaan gender 3) relasi laki-laki dan perempuan selalu berkorelasi dengan konsep budaya pesantren, budaya Jawa, dan budaya santri Jawa sebagai keunikan budaya yang ada di Indonesia.

Furoidatul Husniah. 2019. NIM. 19070956009, "Representation of Androgenic Bias to female Santri in Khlima Anis's Fiction: A Feminist Anthropological Perspective". Dissertation. Language and Literature Education Study Program, Postgraduate, State University of Surabaya. Promoter, Prof. Dr. Haris Supratno, Co-promoter, Dr. Heny Subandiyah, M.Hum.

Keywords: Androgenic Bias, Female Santri, Fiction, Feminist Anthropology.

This study aims to: 1) find the dominance of male characters; 2) find the position and role of female santri, 3) find the cultural relativity of the pesantren. This study uses a feminist anthropological perspective. The method used in this study is qualitative with a heurmenetic phenomenological approach. The research data sources were selected from three of Khilma Anis's fiction entitled Be, My Purnama, Ning (2016), Wigati (2018), Hati Suhita (2019). Data was collected by way of literature study and analyzed using a holistic, selective, and detailed approach. The results of the study show 1) the dominance of male characters depicted through the characterization of the characters is divided into four, namely the power of male parents in determining a life partner, the power of male parents in making decisions, the power over the body of female students concerning husband relations -wife and husband and wife with other women and other men, and the power of the masculine nature over the feminine as a form of gender construction by society; 2) subordination of the position and role of female santri, namely female santri in charge of the domestic sphere, female santri are not allowed to appear in public, female santri get unfair treatment, and are looked down upon by the surrounding environment 3) relativity of pesantren culture, namely pesantren culture, Javanese culture, and Javanese santri culture. Through Khilma Anis's fiction, the uniqueness of the culture that regulates the system of gender relations is illustrated based on research findings resulting in propositions 1) the dominance of male characters through the depiction of their characterization has a pattern that specializes in relations between the sexes as a living system in Islamic boarding school culture 2) subordination provides a social explanation of roles and the position of women in society and gender differences 3) the relationship between men and women is always correlated with the concept of pesantren culture, Javanese culture, and Javanese santri culture as cultural uniqueness in Indonesia.