EXAMINATION OF EATING DISORDERS AND BODY SATISFACTION AMONG ELITE AND NON-ELITE GYMNASTICS ATHLETE
Senam merupakan cabang olahraga dengan standar kecenderungan perfeksionis dan performa yang tinggi, sehingga dapat menimbulkan kecemasan serta gangguan kesehatan mental bagi pesenam karena ketidakpuasan bentuk tubuh. Hal tersebut juga merupakan faktor risiko bagi atlet senam memiliki risiko gangguan makan yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi gangguan makan dan kepuasan tubuh pada atlet senam elit dan non-elit Indonesia. Terdapat tiga puluh satu atlet senam elit dan non-elit yang terdiri dari pesenam artistik, ritmik, dan aerobik dengan rata-rata (umur = 16,58±3,84 tahun, berat badan = 46,65±9,76 kg, tinggi badan = 155,8±10,96 cm, IMT = 19,03±2,20 kg/m2) telah menyelesaikan laporan kondisi diri melalui kuesioner pemeriksaan gangguan makan (EDE-Q 6.0), dan kepuasan tubuh (BSQ-16), dan (FRS). Studi ini menemukan bahwa pesenam elit dan non-elite memiliki kecenderungan terhadap gangguan makan. Selain itu, mayoritas atlet pesenam elit juga memperhatikan bentuk tubuh mereka, dan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (0,00) antara pesenam elit dan non-elit mengenai persepsi bentuk tubuh mereka. Sehubungan dengan hal ini, menetapkan strategi untuk menjaga kesehatan mental, khususnya gangguan makan di kalangan pesenam, bersama dengan program skrining, sangat penting untuk memastikan mereka yang berisiko mengalami gangguan makan dapat menerima perawatan yang cepat dan tepat. Selain itu, keterlibatan ahli gizi olahraga, pelatih, dan keluarga memiliki peran penting dalam menekankan berbagai tindakan pencegahan gangguan makan pada atlet.
Kata kunci : Kontrol makan; bentuk tubuh; ketidakpuasan tubuh; kesehatan mental
Gymnastics is a sport with a high standard of perfectionist tendencies, performance, and appearance, which can lead to anxiety as well as mental health issues for gymnasts due to body shape dissatisfaction, which also could be a risk factor for gymnastics athletes who tend to have a higher risk of eating disorders. This study aims to investigate eating disorders and body satisfaction among Indonesian elite and non-elite gymnast athletes. Thirty-one elite and non-elite gymnast athletes consisted of artistic, rhythmic, and aerobic gymnasts (age = 16.58±3.84 years, body weight = 46.65±9.76 kg, height = 155.8± 10.96 cm, BMI = 19.03± 2.20 kg/m2) completed their answer on eating disorder examination (EDE-Q 6.0) and provided their self-report concerning their body shape and satisfaction (BSQ-16) and (FRS). This study found that elite and non-elite gymnasts are predisposed to eating disorders (ED). Furthermore, the majority of elite gymnast athletes are also concerned about their body shape, and there was a significant difference (0.00) between elite and non-elite gymnasts regarding their perceived body shape. With regard to this, establishing strategies for maintaining mental health, particularly ED among gymnasts, along with screening programs, is essential to ensure those at risk for ED can receive prompt and appropriate treatment. In addition, the involvement of sports nutritionists, coaches, and families has an essential role in emphasizing various ED prevention measures in athletes.
Keywords: eating control; body shape; body dissatisfaction; mental health