Makna Simbolis Mantra Masyarakat Pesisir Kabupaten Jember; Kajian Etnopragmasemiotik
The Symbolic Meaning of Jember Coastal Community Mantra; Ethnopragmasemiotic Study
ABSTRAK
Subhan, Roni. 2021, Makna Simbolis Mantra Masyarakat Pesisir Kabupaten Jember; Kajian Etnopragmasemiotik. Disertasi Program studi S-3 Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Pembimbing: (1) Prof. Dr. H. Haris Supratno, dan (2) Prof. Dr. Darni, M. Hum.
Kata-kata Kunci: Etnopragmasemiotik, Mantra, Makna Simbol, Mantra Masyarakat Pesisir
Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah menemukan makna simbol pada mantra (1) pengasihan dalam konteks sosiobudaya masyarakat pesisir kabupaten Jember, (2) mantra kesaktian dalam konteks sosiobudaya masyarakat pesisir kabupaten Jember, (3) mantra pengobatan dalam konteks sosio budaya masyarakat pesisir kabupaten Jember, (4) perdagangan dalam konteks sosiobudaya masyarakat pesisir kabupaten Jember, (5) pertanian masyarakat pesisir kabupaten Jember. (6) melaut masyarakat pesisir kabupaten Jember. Teori yang digunakan merupakan perpaduan tiga teori, yakni etnografi, pragmatik, dan semiotik yang diintegrasikan menjadi Etnopragmasemiotik. Dengan Etnopragmasemiotik penelitian ini menghasilkan kajian yang menyeluruh dan detail tentang mantra pesisir masyarakat Kabupaten Jember.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian berwujud teks mantra, pernyataan informan dan fakta hasil pengamatan dilapangan. Data-data tersebut diperoleh dari beberapa sumber dan hasil pengamatan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik pengamatan, wawancara dan rekaman. Peneliti bertindak sebagai intstrumen kunci yang dibantu oleh beberapa surveyor yang semua dipandu dengan pedoman pengumpulan data. Prosedur analisis data menggunakan model spiral yang dikemukan Creswell, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan analisis hermeneutik. Sebagai penguatan dalam penelitian dan menghindari bias penelitian, dilakukan trianggulasi terhadap setiap tahap penelitian, perangkat penelitian, klarifikasi dan konfirmasi temuan penelitian kepada informan sebagai pemilik mantra, Focused Group Discussion dan auditor eksternal.
Hasil Penelitian ini diantaranya adalah (1) makna symbol mantra pengasihan, kesaktian, pengobatan, perdagangan, pertanian dan melaut masyarakat pesisir Kabupaten Jember, (2) makna pragmatic mantra pengasihan, kesaktian, pengobatan, perdagangan, pertanian dan melaut yang masih relevan engan kontek masyarakat penuturnya,
Secara teoretis penelitian ini menghasilkan ilmu baru, yakni etnopragmasemiotik dalam memperkaya teori sastra dengan pendekatan multidisipliner. Secara praktis, temuan penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat (1) Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Jember, (2) Dinas Pariwisata dalam upaya melestarikan budaya pesisir Jember, (3) Perguruan Tinggi terkait pembelajaran mata kuliah sastra, (4) satuan pendidikan (sekolah) terkait pembelajaran bahasa dan sastra, (5) peneliti berikutnya terkait dengan teori dan pendekatan penelitian, serta obyek yang di teliti.
Subhan, Roni. 2021, The Symbolic Meaning of Jember Coastal Community Mantra; Ethnopragmasemiotic Study. Dissertation of Doctoral Language and Literature Education Study Program, Postgraduate of Surabaya State University, Supervisors: (1) Prof. Dr. H. Haris Supratno, and (2) Prof. Dr. Darni, M.Hum.
The purpose of this study was to find out the symbolic meaning of (1) compassion mantras performed in Jember coastal community, (2) magic mantras performed in Jember coastal community, (3) medicine mantras performed in Jember coastal community, (4) trade mantras performed in Jember coastal community, (5) agriculture mantras performed in Jember coastal community, and (6) fishing mantras performed in Jember coastal community. The theory used was ethnopragmasemiotic derrived from the synthesis of ethnography, pragmatics and semiotic theories to produce a thorough and detailed study of Jember coastal community mantra symbolic meaning.
This research was a qualitative descriptive study. The data were in the form of mantra texts, informant statements and facts taken from field research. The data were obtained from several sources and techniques. Data collection was done by observation, interview and recording techniques. The researcher acted as the key instrument assisted by several surveyors who were all guided by data collection guidelines. The procedure of data analysis was based on the spiral model presented by Creswell, while the data analysis used hermeneutic analysis. The data validity was checked by applying triangulations of research instrument, data source, focused group Discussion and external audits.
The results of this study covered (1) the symbolic of the mantras compassion, magic, medicine, trade, agriculture and fishing of Jember coastal community, (2) the pragmatics meaning was found in the compassion, magic, medicine, trade, agriculture and fishing mantras of Jember coastal community relevant to the context of their community.
Theoretically, this research promoted a new theoritical synthesis called ethnopragmasemiotics in enriching literary theories with a multidisciplinary approach. Practically, the findings of this study could be useful for (1) Jember Education Office, (2) Jember Tourism Office to preserve the Coastal community culture, (3) the Universities administering learning and teaching of literature program, (4) school institution in teaching-learning of language and literature, (5) the subsequent researchers who intended to perform a research on the identical object, theory, and approach.