Potensi Cordyline fructicosa dan Sanseviera trifasciata Sebagai Agen Penyerapan Logam Berat Cd Pada Tanah

Potential of Cordyline fructicosa and Sanseviera trifasciata as Cd Heavy Metal Absorption Agents in Soil

Logam berat Cd merupakan salah satu polutan yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas tanah. Fitoremediasi dengan tanaman hias merupakan teknik untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah.Penelitian fitoremediasi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan tanaman Cordyline fructicosa dan Sanseviera trifasciata sebagai tanaman restorasi dalam menyerap logam berat kadmium (Cd) pada tanah tercemar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor perlakuan konsentrasi Cd yang berbeda, yaitu: 0,003 ppm, 0,530 ppm, 0,626 ppm, 0,742 ppm. Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari di Green House Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNESA. Parameter penelitian yang diukur meliputi kandungan Cd tanah, Cd tanaman, pertumbuhan tanaman, dan faktor fisik-kimia tanah (suhu, pH). Kandungan Cd tanah dan akar tanaman diukur dengan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy), pH tanah diukur dengan soil tester, suhu tanah diukur dengan termometer, dan pertumbuhan tanaman diukur dengan meteran. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dua arah dan dilanjutkan uji BNT pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi Cd mempengaruhi daya serap akar dan kandungan Cd pada Cordyline fructicosa dan Sanseviera trifasciata. Biokonsentrasi (BCF < 1). Nilai bioakumulasi tertinggi adalah tanah pada konsentrasi 0,626 ppm, yaitu 0,008 ppm Sanseviera trivasciata dan 0,011 ppm pada Cordyline fructicosa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan tanaman Cordyline fructicosa dan Sanseviera trifasciata merupakan fitoremediator yang memiliki kemampuan menyerap Cd di dalam tanah sehingga dapat memperbaiki kualitas tanah.

Heavy metal Cd is one of the pollutants that can affect soil quality. Phytoremediation with ornamental plants is a technique to improve soil quality. This study aims to determine the ability of Cordyline fructicosa and Sanseviera trifasciata as restoration plants to absorb heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in polluted soil. This research is an experimental study using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with different Cd concentration treatment factors, namely: 0.003 ppm, 0.530 ppm, 0.626 ppm, 0.742 ppm. The research was conducted for 21 days at the Green House, Department of Biology, FMIPA UNESA. The research parameters measured included soil Cd content, plant Cd, plant growth, and soil physico-chemical factors (temperature, pH). Cd content of soil and plant roots was measured by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy), soil pH was measured by soil tester, soil temperature was measured by thermometer, and plant growth was measured by meter. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and continued with the BNT test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that differences in Cd concentration affected root absorption and Cd content in Cordyline fructicosa and Sanseviera trifasciata. Bioconcentration (BCF < 1). The highest bioaccumulation value was soil at a concentration of 0.626 ppm, namely 0.008 ppm in Sanseviera trivasciata and 0.011 ppm in Cordyline fructicosa. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that Cordyline fructicosa and Sanseviera trifasciata plants are phytoremediators that have the ability to absorb Cd in the soil so that they can improve soil quality.