Studi Literatur: Peranan Silikon (Si) terhadap Tanaman Pangan, Hortikultura, dan Perkebunan yang Mengalami Cekaman Biotik dan Abiotik

Literature Study: Role of Silicon (Si) on Biotic and Abiotic Stress of Food Crops, Horticulture, and Estate Crops

Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peranan silikon (Si) terhadap tanaman pangan, hortikultura, dan perkebunan yang mengalami cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Studi literatur ini dilakukan dengan mengkaji literatur berupa artikel jurnal yang sesuai dengan topik yang dibahas berdasarkan rentang waktu 2010-2020 dengan tambahan literatur berupa data dari website pemerintah, buku, surat kabar elektronik, serta literatur lain yang relevan. Melalui studi literatur ini, dapat diketahui bahwa Si berperan dalam peningkatan toleransi tanaman pangan, hortikultura, dan perkebunan terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Efek negatif dari beberapa cekaman biotik yang dapat ditekan dengan pengaplikasian Si, yakni cekaman biotik yang disebabkan oleh hama, virus, dan jamur. Di lain pihak, efek negatif dari cekaman abiotik yang dapat ditekan dengan pengaplikasian Si, antara lain cekaman abiotik salinitas, kekeringan, logam berat, dan lahan sub optimal. Cekaman abiotik yang berasal dari lahan sub optimal, terdiri atas tanah Alfisols, Andisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, Oxisols, Ultisols, lahan gambut, serta lahan kering masam. Penekanan efek negatif dari cekaman biotik dan abiotik akibat pengaplikasian Si adalah peningkatan toleransi cekaman melalui mekanisme fisik maupun biokimia sehingga tanaman dapat mempertahankan pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan produktivitasnya meskipun dalam keadaan tercekam.

The purpose of this literature study aims to describe the role of silicon (Si) in food crops, horticulture, and estate crops that experience biotic and abiotic stresses. This literature study was conducted by reviewing the literature in the form of journal articles in accordance with the topics discussed based on the 2010-2020 time span with additional literature in the form of data from government websites, books, electronic newspapers, and other relevant literature. Through this literature study, it can be understood that Si plays an important in increasing the tolerance of food crops, horticulture, and estate crops to biotic and abiotic stresses. The negative effects of some biotic stresses that can be suppressed by the application of Si is biotic stresses caused by pests, viruses, and fungi. While the negative effect of abiotic stress that can be suppressed by the application of Si, include abiotic stresses of salinity, drought, heavy metals, and sub-optimal land. Abiotic stress originating from sub-optimal land consists of Alfisols, Andisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, Oxisols, Ultisols, peatland, and acid dry land. Emphasizing the negative effects of biotic and abiotic stresses due to Si application in the form of increased stress tolerance through physical and biochemical mechanism so that plants can maintain their growth, development, and productivity even in stressful conditions.