PENGARUH 2,4-D TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KALUS DAUN DIOSPYROS DISCOLOR WILLD PADA MEDIA MS SECARA IN VITRO

THE EFFECT OF 2,4-D ON CALLUS GROWTH OF DIOSPYROS DISCOLOR WILLD IN MEDIA MS IN VITRO

Bisbul (Diospyros discolor Willd) semakin sulit ditemukan dan teknik perbanyakan masih dilakukan secara vegetatif seperti cangkok yang memerlukan waktu lama untuk menjadi bibit. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan cara perbanyakan melalui teknik kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) terhadap pertumbuhan kalus daun bisbul pada media MS (Murashige and Skoog) secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap satu faktor perlakuan yaitu berbagai konsentrasi 2,4-D (0 mg/l, 2 mg/l, 4 mg/l, dan 6 mg/l). Penelitian dilakukan lima kali pengulangan sehingga diperoleh 20 unit perlakuan. Data persentase pelengkungan eksplan dan persentase browning di analisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan uji ANAVA satu arah dilanjutkan uji Duncan taraf 5% dan analisis kualitatif berupa morfologi kalus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan eksplan daun bisbul konsentrasi 2,4-D 4 mg/l memiliki rata-rata persentase eksplan melengkung tertinggi sebesar 14,00% menunjukkan peubah memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan konsentrasi lainnya, rata-rata persentase browning terendah sebesar 4,00% berbeda nyata terhadap 0 mg/l tetapi tidak berbeda nyata pada konsentrasi lainnya. Konsentrasi pada perlakuan 4 mg/l memiliki pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan kalus dari eksplan daun bisbul di hari ke-63 dengan morfologi kalus berwarna putih dan bertekstur kompak.

Kata kunci: 2,4-diklorofenoksiasetat; Diospyros discolor Willd; murashige dan skoog; kalus

Bisbul (Diospyros discolor Willd) was getting difficult to find and propagation techniques were still carried out vegetatively such as grafting which took a long time to become seedlings. This could be overcome by propagation of tissue culture techniques. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of various concentrations of 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on callus growth of bisbul leaves on MS (Murashige and Skoog) in vitro. The research was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design with one factor was the concentration of 2,4-D (0 mg/l, 2 mg/l, 4 mg/l, and 6 mg/l). The research was carried out with five repetition so that it was obtained 20 treatment units. The data of percentage explant curving and the percentage browning were analyzed descriptively quantitatively using one way ANOVA test followed by Duncan’s test at 5% level and qualitative analysis in the form of callus morphology. The results showed that bisbul leaf explants at a concentration of 2,4-D 4 mg/l had the higest average percentage of curved explants was 14,00% indicating that the variables had a significant effect and the results were not significantly different from other concentrations, the lower average percentage of browning was 4,00% significantly different from 0 mg/l but not significantly different at other concentrations. The concentration of 2,4-D 4 mg/l had an effect on callus growth from bisbul leaf explants on day 63 with callus morphology of white colour and non friable texture.

Keywords: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; Diospyros discolor Willd; murashige and skoog; callus