Respon Morfologi, Anatomi dan Fisiologi Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura) Akibat Paparan Timbal Pb yang Berbeda di Surabaya

Morphological, Anatomic and Physiological Responses of Cherry Leaves (Muntingia calabura) Due to Different Lead Pb Exposure in Surabaya

     Surabaya sebagai salah satu kota besar dengan tingkat perkembangan teknologi dan industri yang tinggi, sehingga meningkatkan minat masyarakat untuk datang. Hal ini menyebabkan pertumbuhan kendaraan di Kota Surabaya semakin tidak terkontrol, yang berdampak pada penurunan kualitas udara akibat meningkatnya gas emisi dari kendaraan bermotor yang mengandung timbal (Pb). Paparan timbal (Pb) dari emisi kendaraan berpengaruh terhadap kondisi morfologi, anatomi dan fisiologi daun. Tanaman kersen (Muntingia calabura) memiliki prospektif tinggi sebagai akumulator logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon paparan Pb terhadap morfologi, anatomi dan fisiologi daun kersen (Muntingia calabura) serta mengetahui kadar Pb pada daun kersen (Muntingia calabura). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi dengan metode deskriptif. Pengamatan respon morfologi daun meliputi nekrosis serta luas daun, sedangkan pengamatan respon anatomi berupa jumlah stomata daun diamati menggunakan mikroskop. Pengamatan respon fisiologi dengan mengamati kadar klorofil daun menggunakan spektrofotometer. Kadar timbal diukur menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). Sampel daun kersen diambil dari tiga lokasi dengan tingkat paparan Pb yang berbeda yakni Jalan A. Yani, Jalan Darmo dan Jalan Ketintang. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan mempertimbangkan kecenderungan data yang meliputi nekrosis, luas daun, jumlah stomata, kadar klorofil, kadar Pb dengan nilai rata-rata, dan kondisi fisika kimia lingkungan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil kondisi morfologi daun kersen dari lokasi Jalan A. Yani mengalami tingkat nekrosis yang tinggi, luas daun menyusut, dan jumlah stomata rendah dibandingkan kondisi morfologis yang ada di Jalan Darmo dan Jalan Ketintang. Kadar klorofil tertinggi sebesar 38608,5 mg/L terdapat pada lokasi Jalan Ketintang, dibandingkan kadar klorofil daun di Jalan Darmo dan Jalan A. Yani. Kadar Pb tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi Jalan A. Yani sebesar 0,546 mg/L, dibandingkan kadar Pb di Jalan Darmo dan Jalan Ketintang. Tanaman kersen memiliki potensi tinggi sebagai absorben Pb dan indikator Pb di lingkungan sekitar.

Kata kunci: Daun kersen, paparan timbal Pb, respon morfologi, anatomi, fisiologi, kadar timbal

    Surabaya as one of the big cities with a high level of technological and industrial development has increased the interest of the people to come. This causes the uncontrolled growth of vehicles in the city of Surabaya, which results in a decrease of air quality due to emissions of motor vehicles containing lead (Pb). Lead exposure from motor vehicle emissions affects morphological conditions, number of stomata and leaf chlorophyll content. Cherry plant (Muntingia calabura) has a high prospective as a heavy metal accumulator. The aims of this study is to analyze the response of lead exposure on morphology, anatomy, and physiology of cherry leaves, and lead levels in cherry leaves. This type of research is observation with descriptive method. Observation of leaf morphological responses include necrosis and leaf area, while observing anatomic responses by observing the number of  stomata using a microscope. Observation of leaf physiological responses by observing of chlorophyll levels using a spectrophotometer. Lead content was measured by AAS. Cherry leaf samples taken from three locations with different levels of lead there are A. Yani, Darmo and Ketintang roads. Data analysis was performed descriptively by considering data trends including necrosis, leaf area, number of stomata, chlorophyll content, Pb content with an average value, and the physical chemistry of the environment. This research shows that the result of the morphological conditions of the cherry leaves from the A. yani road experienced a high rate of necrosis, the leaf area shrunk and the number of stomata was small compared to the Darmo and Ketintang roads. The highest chlorophyll content of 386808.5 mg / L is found at the location of the Ketintang road, compared to Darmo and A. Yani Road. The highest lead content is location at the A. Yani road 0.546 mg / L compared to the Darmo and the Ketintang road. Cherry plants have high potential as lead absorben and indicators of lead Pb in the environment.