Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan dalam Novel Astirin Mbalela Karya Suparto Brata dan

The Road of Lost Innocence Karya Somaly Mam dan Ruth Marshall (Kajian Sastra Bandingan)

Violence Against Women in Astirin Mbalela Novel By Suparto Brata and The Road of Lost Innocence Novel By Somaly Mam and Ruth Marshall (Comparative Literary Studies)

ABSTRAK 

Nafisah, Badrina Nur. 2020. Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan dalam Novel Astirin Mbalela Karya Suparto Brata dan The Road of Lost Innocence Karya Somaly Mam dan Ruth Marshall (Kajian Sastra Bandingan). Tesis. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing: (I) Prof. Dr. Darni, M.Hum., dan (II) Dr. Setiawan, M.Hum.

Kata Kunci: Sastra bandingan, kekerasan, ideologi, perlawanan

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perbandingan bentuk kekerasan terhadap kaum perempuan dan strategi perlawanan yang dilakukan dalam novel berlatar budaya Jawa dan Kamboja. Pisau bedah dalam penelitian ini adalah teori kekerasan Galtung, teori perlawanan Scott, serta kajian sastra bandingan prespektif Remak.

Penelitian ini tergolong deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan obyektif dan mimesis. Selain membutuhkan pemahaman terhadap unsur instrinsik, penelitian ini juga membutuhkan pemahaman terhadap unsur eksternal yang berkaitan dengan fokus penelitian. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Astirin Mbalela karya Suparto Brata berlatar budaya Jawa dan novel The Road of Lost Innocence karya Somaly Mam dan Ruth Marshall berlatar budaya Kamboja.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kaum perempuan walaupun berada di negara yang berbeda, namun memiliki kesamaan permasalahan yaitu kekerasan. Kekerasan tersebut berbentuk langsung, struktural, bahkan kultural. Faktor penyebabnya adalah ideologi patriarki yang mengakar dalam masyarakat dan ekonomi. Para korban dikedua novel juga melakukan berbagai strategi perlawanan dalam menghadapi tindak kekerasan. Perbedaan dari kedua novel tersebut yaitu kadar kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam novel berlatar belakang Kamboja lebih tinggi dan bentuknya bermacam-macam. Dalam melakukan perlawanan, tindakan perempuan dalam novel berlatarbelakang budaya Jawa lebih terbuka dibanding perempuan dalam novel berlatarbelakang Kamboja yang cenderung tertutup.

ABSTRACT

Nafisah, Badrina Nur. 2020. Violence Against Women in Astirin Mbalela Novel By Suparto Brata and The Road of Lost Innocence Novel By Somaly Mam and Ruth Marshall (Comparative Literary Studies). Thesis. Language Education Study Program, Surabaya State University Postgraduate Program. Advisor: (I) Prof. Dr. Darni, M.Hum., and (II) Dr. Setijawan, M.Hum.

Keywords: Comparative literature, violence, ideology, resistance

This study aims to describe the comparison of forms of violence against women and the resistance strategies used in novels with Javanese and Cambodian cultural backgrounds. The scalpels in this study were Galtung's theory of violence, Scott's theory of resistance, and Remak's perspective of comparative literature studies.

This research is classified as a qualitative descriptive. The approach method used is an objective and mimetic approach. In addition to requiring an understanding of the intrinsic aspects, it also requires an understanding of the external elements related to the research focus. Sources of data in this study are the novel Astirin Mbalela by Suparto Brata with a Javanese cultural background and the novel The Road of Lost Innocence by Somaly Mam and Ruth Marshall with a background in Cambodian culture.

The results showed that even though women are in different countries, they have the same problem, namely violence. The violence is direct, structural, even cultural. The contributing factor is the patriarchal ideology that is rooted in society, religion and the economy. The victims in both novels also carried out various resistance strategies in dealing with acts of violence. The difference between the two novels is that the level of violence against women in novels with a Cambodian background is higher and in various forms. In fighting, women's actions in novels with Javanese cultural backgrounds are more open than women in novels with Cambodian backgrounds which tend to be closed.