Hubungan Tingkat Stres, Asupan Natrium dan Asupan Lemak dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Lansia di Posyandu Lansia Kelurahan Sidomoro, Kabupaten Gresik.

Correlation between Stress Level, Sodium Intake and Fat Intake with The Incidence of Hypertension in The Elderly at The Elderly Posyandu Sidomoro Village, Gresik Regency

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kardiovaskuler yang menyebabkan meningkatnya tekanan darah melebihi 140/90 mmHg yang sering terjadi pada lansia karena faktor degenerasi dan faktor hipertensi yang lain. Hipertensi seringkali terjadi disebabkan karena faktor stres, asupan natrium dan asupan lemak yang berlebih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres, asupan natrium, dan asupan lemak dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia di posyandu lansia Kelurahan Sidomoro, Kabupaten Gresik.

Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian observational analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan pada posyandu lansia Kelurahan Sidomoro, Kabupaten Gresik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 124 orang. Sampel dari penelitian diambil dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling yang mempertimbangkan kriteria inklusi dan kriteria ekslusi sehingga didapatkan sampel berjumlah 34 responden. Data diambil dengan wawancara dan pengukuran langsung. Data tingkat stres diambil menggunakan kuesioner Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42), data asupan natrium dan asupan lemak mengunakan kuesioner Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data hasil pengukuran tekanan darah diambil secara langsung dengan alat sphygmomanometer. Analisis data dengan uji statistik rank spearman.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan tingkat stres dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia dengan hasil uji rank spearman p=0,098, ada hubungan asupan natrium dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia dengan hasil uji rank spearman p=0,001, ada hubungan asupan lemak dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia dengan hasil uji rank spearman p=0,043. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan tidak ada hubungan tingkat stres dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia di Posyandu Lansia Kelurahan Sidomoro, Kabupaten Gresik dan ada hubungan asupan natrium dan asupan lemak dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia di Posyandu Lansia Kelurahan Sidomoro, Kabupaten Gresik.

Kata Kunci:Hipertensi, lansia, tingkat stres, asupan natrium, asupan lemak.

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that causes increased blood pressure exceeding 140/90 mmHg which often occurs in the elderly due to degeneration factors and other risk factors for hypertension. Hypertension is often caused by stress, sodium intake and excessive fat intake. This study aims to determine the correlation between stress levels, sodium intake, and fat intake with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly at the elderly posyandu Sidomoro Village, Gresik Regency.

The type of research used is quantitative research with an analytic observational research design with a cross sectional study approach. The research was conducted at the elderly posyandu Sidomoro Village, Gresik Regency. The population in this study amounted to 124 people. The sample of the study was taken with a purposive sampling technique that considered the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria so that a sample of 34 respondents was obtained. Data was collected by interview and direct measurement. Data was taken by interview. Stress level data was taken using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42) questionnaire, sodium intake data and fat intake using the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Blood pressure measurement data were taken directly with a sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using Spearman rank statistical test. 

The  results  showed  no  correlation  between  stress  levels  with  the  incidence  of hypertension in  the  elderly  with  the  results  of  the  spearman  rank  test  p=0.098,  there was a  correlation between sodium intake with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly with the results of the spearman rank test p=0.001, there was a correlation between fat intake with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly with the results of the spearman rank test p=0.043. So, it can be concluded that there is no correlation between stress levels with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly at the elderly posyandu Sidomoro Village, Gresik Regency and there is a correlation between sodium intake and fat intake with the incidence of hypertension in the elderly at the elderly posyandu Sidomoro Village, Gresik Regency

Keywords: Hypertension, elderly, stress level, sodium intake, fat intake.