The Kretek Narrative in The Novel Gadis Kretek by Ratih Kumala and Novel Genduk by Sundari Mardjuki (Study of Narratohistoricism)
Ulum, Rofi’ Nihayatul. 2022. Narasi Kretek dalam Novel Gadis Kretek Karya Ratih Kumala dan Novel Genduk Karya Sundari Mardjuki (Kajian Narratohistoricism). Tesis, Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing (I) Prof. Dr. Suyatno, M.Pd., dan (2) Dr. Anas Ahmadi, M.Pd.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan narasi kretek dalam novel Gadis Kretek Karya Ratih Kumala dan novel Genduk Karya Sundari Mardjukidengan kajian Narratohistoricism. Kajian Narratohistoricism ini merupakan pengintegrasian teori Narratology dan New Historicism. Naratologi dengan memfokuskan pada bagian fokalisasi yang didalamnya terdapat subjek dan objek fokalisasi. New Historicsim berkaitan dengan tiga dimensi, yakni kekuasaan, ekonomi, dan budaya. Berdasarkan pengintegrasian teori Narratology dan New Historicism tersebut terdapat tiga hal yang menjadin fokus pada penelitian ini, yakni: narasi kekuasaan, narasi ekonomi, dan narasi budaya.
Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutik. Data berupa informasi pada kata, kalimat, paragraf dalam novel Gadis Kretek Karya Ratih Kumala dan novel Genduk Karya Sundari Mardjuki. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik dokumentasi sebab data diambil dari kedua novel tersebut. Data dianalisis dengan teknik analisis hermeneutik model analisis berangkai. Model analisis berangkai ini mengacu pada konteks internal dan eksternal.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) narasi kekuasaan kretek dalam novel Gadis Kretek Karya Ratih Kumala dan novel Genduk Karya Sundari Mardjuki berupa penindasan yang dilakukan oleh Gaok dan renternir dan dominasi penguasa kolonial dan peristiwa Gestapu yang berkaitan dengan peristiwa politik; (2) narasi ekonomi kretek dalam novel Gadis Kretek Karya Ratih Kumala dan Novel Genduk Karya Sundari Mardjuki berupa semangat pribumi dalam membangun usaha kretek, perkembangan industri kretek, kretek menjadi sumber ekonomi yang menggerakkan perekonomian pribumi, dan kontribusi kretek pada bidang kesenia;. (3) narasi budaya kretek yang dinarasikan dalam novel Gadis Kretek Karya Ratih Kumala dan novel Genduk Karya Sundari Mardjuki berupa cerita rakyat dan asal mula terkait kretek, kebiasaaan mengonsumsi kretek, kearifan pengolahan tembakau dan kretek, dan keberadaan kretek dalam tradisi spiritual masyarakat.
Ulum, Rofi' Nihayatul. 2022. The Kretek Narrative in The Novel Gadis Kretek by Ratih Kumala and Novel Genduk by Sundari Mardjuki (Study of Narratohistoricism). Thesis, Study Program of Language and Literature Education, Postgraduate Program, State University of Surabaya. Supervisor (I) Prof. Dr. Suyatno, M.Pd., and (2) Dr. Anas Ahmadi, M.Pd.
The purpose of this study was to describe the kretek narrative in the novel Gadis Kretek by Ratih Kumala and novel Genduk by Sundari Mardjuki with the study of Narratohistoricism. This study of Narratohistoricism is an integration of the theory of Narratology and New Historicism. Narratology by focusing on the focalization section in which there are subjects and objects of focalization. New Historicsim deals with three dimensions, namely power, economy, and culture. Based on the integration of the theory of Narratology and New Historicism, there are three things that become the focus of this research, namely: the power narrative, the economic narrative, and the cultural narrative.
This research is a type of qualitative research with a hermeneutic approach. Data in the form of information on words, sentences, paragraphs in the novel Gadis Kretek by Ratih Kumala and novel Genduk by Sundari Mardjuki. The data were collected through documentation techniques because the data were taken from the the two novels. The data were analyzed by hermeneutic analysis technique of serial analysis model. This serial analysis model refers to the internal and external context.
The results of this study indicate that (1) the narrative of kretek power in the novel Gadis Kretek by Ratih Kumala and novel Genduk by Sundari Mardjuki are in the form of oppression by Gaoks and moneylenders; and the domination of colonial rulers and Gestapu events related to political events; (2) the kretek economic narrative in the novel novel Gadis Kretek by Ratih Kumala novel and Genduk by Sundari Mardjuki are in the form of an indigenous spirit in building a kretek business, the development of the kretek industry, kretek being an economic source that drives the indigenous economy, and the contribution of kretek to the arts; (3) the narrative of kretek culture narrated in the novel Gadis Kretek by Ratih Kumala and the novel Genduk by Sundari Mardjuki in the form of folklore and origins related to kretek, the habit of consuming kretek, the wisdom of tobacco and kretek processing, and the existence of kretek in the spiritual tradition of the community.