DUE TO THE LAW OF LAND BUYING WHICH THE LAND STATUS IS NOT FINISHED

Salah satu kebutuhan dasar yang harus dipenuhi adalah kebutuhan perumahan, terkait kebutuhan tanah untuk pembangunan perumahan, di dalam prakti sering seseorang menjual bidang tanah, mungkin terlalu luas dan padahal ingin cepat terjual, maka bidang tanah tersebut dijual dalam bentuk petak-petak, dan memang pembeli menginginkan membeli bidang tanah dalam bentuk petak-perak untuk dibangun rumah tinggal. Pemerintah perlu lebih berperan dalam menyediakan dan memberikan kemudahan dan bantuan perumahan dan kawasan permukiman bagi masyarakat melalui penyelenggaraan perumahan dan kawasan permukiman yang berbasis kawasan serta keswadayaan masyarakat. Telah terjadi jual beli tanah yang telah dipetak-petak sebanyak 49 petak. 

Jual beli tanah yang telah dipetak-petak untuk pembangunan perumahan harus dilakukan melalui 3 (tiga) prosedur tahapan yakni tahap pertama titik start yakni aspek perizinan tanah (lokasi), tahap keduatitik decision yaitu aspek penguasaan tanah (pemindahan hak) dan tahap ketiga  titik product yaitu aspek sertipikasi tanah (hak guna bangunan). Kenyataannya prosedur tersebut tidak dilakukan dan berakibat pembeli tanah yang telah dipetak-petak sebanyak 49 tersebut dirugikan. Memperhatikan uraian tersebut, permasalahan yang dibahas adalah akibat hukum  jual beli tanah yang telah dipetak-petak yang belum menyelesaikan status hak atas tanahnya dan Apakah pembeli tanah yang telah dipetak-petak memperoleh perlindungan hukum ketika penjual tidak memenuhi kewajibannya dalam perjanjian jual beli. Hasil yang didapat adalah jual beli tanah yang telah dipetak-petak untuk pembangunan perumahan, yang harus memenuhi persyaratan yakni pengusan izin lokasi, penguasaan tanah dan sertipikasi tanah. 

Jual beli tanah yang telah dipetak-petak yang penjualannya secara angsuran hanya dapat dibuat dengan PPJB didasarkan atas ketentuan Pasal 1457 KUH Perdata, sehingga hanya mengikat pihak-pihak yang membuat perjanjian jual beli. Jual beli dengan PPJB belum terjadi peralihan hak hak atas tanah karena belum dipenuhinya syarat formal sahnya perjanjian yakni dibuktikan dengan akta peralihan hak di hadapan PPAT sebagaimana Pasal 37 ayat (1) PP No. 24 Tahun 1997. Jika dalam pelaksanaannya penjual wanprestasi dan bidang tanah telah dijual memenuhi syarat materiil dan formal kepada pihak lain, pembeli tidak dapat memaksa penjual menyerahkan hak milik atas tanah yang telah dipetak-petak, melainkan hanya menggugat ganti kerugian atas dasar wanprestasi atau ingkar janji dengan penggantian biaya, rugi dan bunga.

Kata Kunci​: Akibat Hukum, Jual Beli, Tanah

One of the basic needs that must be met is housing needs, related to the need for land for housing construction, in practice it is often someone who sells plots of land, maybe it is too large and even though he wants to sell quickly, then the land parcels are sold in the form of plots, and indeed the buyer wants to buy a plot of land in the form of silver-plots to build a house. The government needs to play a greater role in providing and providing housing and residential area facilities for the community through the implementation of area-based housing and settlement areas as well as community self-reliance. There has been a sale and purchase of 49 plots of land.

The sale and purchase of land that has been plotted for housing development must be carried out through 3 (three) stages procedures, namely the first stage of the starting point, namely the aspect of land licensing (location), the second stage of the decision point, namely the aspect of land tenure (transfer of rights) and the third stage of the product point, namely aspects of land certificates (rights to use buildings). In fact, the procedure was not carried out and resulted in the loss of the buyers of the 49 land plots. Taking into account the description, the problems discussed are the legal consequences of buying and selling land that has been plotted which has not completed the status of the land rights and whether the buyer of the land that has been plotted gets legal protection when the seller does not fulfill his obligations in the sale and purchase agreement. The results obtained are the sale and purchase of land that has been plotted for housing development, which must meet the requirements, namely the use of location permits, land tenure and land certificates.

The sale and purchase of plots of land whose sales in installments can only be made with PPJB is based on the provisions of Article 1457 of the Civil Code, so that it only binds the parties who make the sale and purchase agreement. Sale and purchase with PPJB there has been no transfer of land rights because the formal requirements for the validity of the agreement have not been fulfilled, namely evidenced by a deed of transfer of rights before the PPAT as referred to in Article 37 paragraph (1) PP No. 24 of 1997. If in practice the seller defaults and the parcel of land has been sold fulfills material and formal requirements to another party, the buyer cannot force the seller to surrender the ownership rights to the land that has been plotted, but only sues for compensation on the basis of default or broken promise. with reimbursement of costs, losses and interest.

Keywords​: Legal Consequences, Sale and Purchase, Land.