Hubungan Ausupan Energi, Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, dan Persepsi Ibu terhadap Kejadian Gizi Lebih pada Balita di Puskesmas Ketapang 2 Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur, Kalimantan Tengah

The Relationship of Energy Intake, Macronutrient Intake, and Maternal Perception with Overweight Among Toddlers at Ketapang 2 Health Center, Central Borneo

Gizi lebih pada anak berisiko menimbulkan penyakit degeneratif di usia dewasa, seperti diabetes melitus tipe II, hipertensi, dan gangguan kardiovaskular. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah ketidakseimbangan antara asupan dan pengeluaran energi, serta persepsi ibu terhadap status gizi anak yang memengaruhi perilaku pemberian makan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan energi, asupan zat gizi makro dan persepsi ibu dengan kejadian gizi lebih pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ketapang 2, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Responden terdiri dari ibu dengan balita gizi lebih berjumlah 66. Asupan zat gizi diukur menggunakan SQ-FFQ, dan persepsi ibu dinilai menggunakan Collins Figure Scale. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman dan Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara asupan energi (p = 0,000), karbohidrat (p = 0,000), lemak (p = 0,010), dan persepsi ibu (p = 0,037) dengan status gizi lebih pada balita. Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara asupan protein dan status gizi lebih pada balita (p = 0,084). Kesimpulannya, asupan energi, karbohidrat, lemak, dan persepsi ibu memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap gizi lebih pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ketapang 2, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur.

Kata Kunci: Asupan Energi, Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, Persepsi Ibu, Gizi Lebih, Balita

Overweight in children increases the risk of developing degenerative diseases in adulthood, such as type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disorders. One of the main contributing factors is the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, as well as maternal perception of the child's nutritional status, which influences feeding behavior. This study aims to examine the relationship between energy intake, macronutrient intake, and maternal perception with the incidence of overweight among toddlers in the working area of Ketapang 2 Public Health Center, East Kotawaringin Regency. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was applied. The respondents were 66 mothers of overweight toddlers. Nutrient intake was assessed using the SQ-FFQ, and maternal perception was evaluated through the Collins Figure Scale. Data were analyzed using Spearman and Chi-square tests. The results showed a significant relationship between energy intake (p = 0.000), carbohydrate intake (p = 0.000), fat intake (p = 0.010), and maternal perception (p = 0.037) with the overweight status of toddlers. However, no significant relationship was found between protein intake and overweight status (p = 0.084). In conclusion, energy, carbohydrate, and fat intake, along with maternal perception, are significantly associated with overweight status among toddlers in the working area of Ketapang 2 Public Health Center, East Kotawaringin Regency.

Keywords: Energy Intake, Macronutrient Intake, Maternal Perception, Overweight, Toddlers