ANALISIS PERAN BALAI PELAYANAN PELINDUNGAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DALAM PEMENUHAN JAMINAN SOSIAL KETENAGAKERJAAN BAGI PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DI JAWA TIMUR 

ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKER'S PROTECTION SERVICES IN FULFILLING EMPLOYMENT SOCIAL SECURITY FOR INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS IN EAST JAVA

Dewasa ini Pekerja Migran Indonesia yang akan, sedang, dan telah bekerja di negara penempatan berhak menerima pelindungan dan hak jaminan sosial berupa jaminan kecelakaan kerja, jaminan kematian, dan jaminan hari tua. Balai Pelayanan Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (BP3MI) Jawa Timur memiliki tugas dan fungsi memfasilitasi jaminan sosial PMI Jawa Timur secara terpadu. Adapun permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis peran BP3MI Jawa Timur dalam memfasilitasi jaminan sosial PMI dan menganalisis macam-macam hambatan yang dialami oleh BP3MI Jawa Timur dalam menjalankan fungsi fasilitasi jaminan sosial PMI Jawa Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu memahami peran dan hambatan BP3MI Jawa Timur dalam memenuhi kewajibannya dalam memfasilitasi jaminan sosial PMI Jawa Timur. Metode yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa Peran BP3MI Jawa Timur dalam memfasilitasi jaminan sosial bagi PMI yaitu meliputi fungsi pengawasan berjalannya jaminan sosial dan memfasilitasi pengajuan klaim JKK, JKM, dan JHT. BP3MI Jawa Timur berperan memastikan bahwa CPMI dan PMI yang akan bekerja di negara penempatan wajib mendaftarkan jaminan sosial di masa pra penempatan, saat bekerja, dan setelah bekerja. BP3MI Jawa Timur juga berperan memastikan bahwa PMI Jawa Timur yang mengalami kendala dan belum mengajukan klaim saat mengalami kecelakaan kerja atau kematian dapat dibantu pelindungan dan proses klaim jaminan sosialnya. Hambatan BP3MI Jawa Timur dalam menjalankan fungsi pelindungan dan fasilitasi jaminan sosial PMI Jawa Timur dibedakan menjadi dua aspek yaitu hambatan internal dan hambatan eksternal. Adapun hambatan internal berpotensi menjadi masalah bagi kelangsungan sistem jaminan sosial PMI yaitu dengan adanya perbedaan Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) antar kantor BPJS Ketenagakerjaan di berbagai wilayah. Adanya perbedaan SOP tersebut menjadikan proses mengajukan klaim mengalami kendala contohnya dengan perbedaan permintaan persyaratan dokumen, jangka waktu proses pencairan manfaat, dan kebijakan lainnya di masing-masing kantor cabang. Selain itu kelalaian BPJS Ketenagakerjaan mengalami keterlambatan dalam mencairkan dana manfaat yang berhak diterima oleh PMI dan ahli waris menjadi hambatan besar. Maka dari itu penting diperlukannya koordinasi antara BP3MI Jawa Timur dan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan serta lembaga yang berwenang lain guna memperbaiki permasalahan yang terjadi dalam proses pelindungan jaminan sosial PMI.

Kata kunci: Pekerja Migran Indonesia, BP3MI, Jaminan Sosial Ketenagakerjaan

Currently, Indonesian Migrant Workers who will, are currently working, and have already worked in a placement country are entitled to receive protection and social security rights in the form of work accident, death, and old-age benefits. The East Java Indonesian Migrant Workers Protection Service Center (BP3MI) has the duties and functions of facilitating PMI East Java social security in an integrated manner. The problems in this study are to analyze the role of BP3MI East Java in facilitating PMI social security and to analyze the various obstacles experienced by BP3MI East Java in carrying out the function of facilitating PMI East Java social security. The purpose of this study is to understand the roles and obstacles of BP3MI East Java in fulfilling its obligations to facilitate PMI East Java social security. The method applied in this study is by using empirical legal research with a qualitative approach. The results of this study found that the role of BP3MI East Java in facilitating social security for PMI includes the oversight function of social security and facilitating the submission of JKK, JKM, and JHT claims. BP3MI East Java has a role in ensuring that CPMI and PMI who will work in placement countries are required to register social security during the pre-placement period, while working, and after working. BP3MI East Java also plays a role in ensuring that East Java PMI who are experiencing problems and have not submitted a claim when they experience a work accident or death can be assisted in protection and process their social security claims. BP3MI East Java's obstacles in carrying out the function of protecting and facilitating PMI East Java's social security are divided into two aspects, namely internal obstacles and external obstacles. Meanwhile, internal obstacles have the potential to become a problem for the continuity of the PMI social security system, namely the existence of differences in Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) between Employment BPJS offices in various regions. The existence of these differences in SOPs causes the process of submitting claims to experience problems, for example with differences in requests for document requirements, the timeframe for the process of disbursing benefits, and other policies at each branch office. In addition, the negligence of Employment BPJS experienced delays in disbursing benefit funds that PMI and heirs are entitled to receive, which is a big obstacle. Therefore it is important that coordination is needed between BP3MI East Java and BPJS Employment and other authorized institutions to fix problems that occur in the PMI social security protection process.

Keywords: Indonesian Migrant Workers, BP3MI, Employment Social Security