EVALUASI KESESUAIAN LAHAN PADA KOMODITAS PERTANIAN TERPILIH (PADI, JAGUNG, DAN KELAPA SAWIT) DI KECAMATAN BABULU KABUPATEN PENAJAM PASER UTARA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

LAND SUITABILITY EVALUATION FOR SELECTED AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES (RICE, MAIZE, AND OIL PALM) IN BABULU SUBDISTRICT, PENAJAM PASER UTARA REGENCY, EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

Kecamatan Babulu, Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, memiliki potensi besar untuk pengembangan pertanian, namun variasi kondisi biofisik menyebabkan tingkat kesesuaian lahan berbeda untuk setiap komoditas. Permasalahan yang diangkat adalah belum adanya informasi spasial yang detail mengenai kesesuaian lahan untuk komoditas strategis, sehingga berpotensi menghambat perencanaan tata guna lahan dan peningkatan produktivitas pertanian.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kesesuaian lahan untuk tiga komoditas terpilih, yaitu padi (Oryza sativa), jagung (Zea mays), dan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis), serta mengidentifikasi faktor pembatasnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik matching dan scoring, terintegrasi dengan analisis spasial berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Data meliputi ph tanah, kejenuhan basa, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), tekstur tanah, kedalaman efektif, suhu, curah hujan, drainase, dan kemiringan lereng, yang diperoleh dari SoilGrids, citra suhu MOD11A2 NASA, peta tematik, dan survei lapangan. Unit lahan dibentuk melalui overlay beberapa parameter dan diklasifikasikan sesuai kriteria masing-masing tanaman. Hasil menunjukkan sebagian besar wilayah termasuk S3 (sesuai marjinal) dengan faktor pembatas ph masam, kejenuhan basa rendah, curah hujan tinggi, dan drainase buruk. Sebagian wilayah tergolong S2 (cukup sesuai), dan sebagian kecil N1 (tidak sesuai saat ini). Kesimpulannya, evaluasi kesesuaian lahan yang akurat sangat penting untuk mendukung pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan, meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian, dan menjadi dasar perumusan kebijakan, khususnya di wilayah yang terdampak pembangunan Ibu Kota Negara (IKN).

Kata kunci: evaluasi lahan, kesesuaian lahan, padi, jagung, kelapa sawit, SIG, Babulu.

Babulu District, Penajam Paser Utara Regency, has significant potential for agricultural development; however, variations in biophysical conditions result in different land suitability levels for each commodity. The main problem addressed in this study is the absence of detailed spatial information on land suitability for strategic commodities, which may hinder land-use planning and the improvement of agricultural productivity.

This research aims to evaluate land suitability for three selected commodities, rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), and to identify their limiting factors. The method used is descriptive quantitative with matching and scoring techniques, integrated with spatial analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Data include soil pH, base saturation, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil texture, effective depth, temperature, rainfall, drainage, and slope, obtained from SoilGrids, MOD11A2 temperature imagery from NASA, thematic maps, and field surveys. Land units were generated through the overlay of several parameters and classified according to the suitability criteria of each crop. The results indicate that most of the area falls into the S3 (marginally suitable) category, with limiting factors including acidic soil pH, low base saturation, high rainfall, and poor drainage. Some areas are classified as S2 (moderately suitable), while a smaller portion falls into the N1 (currently unsuitable) category. In conclusion, accurate land suitability evaluation is crucial for supporting sustainable land management, improving agricultural productivity, and guiding policy formulation, particularly in regions affected by the development of the new national capital (IKN).

Keywords: land evaluation, land suitability, rice, maize, oil palm, GIS, Babulu.