Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbasis Toulmin’s Argument Pattern (TAP) untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik pada Materi Energi Terbarukan

Implementation Of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model On Toulmin's Argument Pattern (TAP) To Improve Students Critical Thinking Skills On Renewable Energy Topic

Keterampilan berpikir kritis merupakan salah satu kompetensi penting abad ke-21. Namun, keterampilan ini masih belum dibekalkan secara optimal di tingkat SMA. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkannya adalah melalui penerapan model pembelajaran. Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) yang diintegrasikan dengan Toulmin’s Argument Pattern (TAP) dapat digunakan untuk melatih peserta didik berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterlaksanaan, peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis, dan respon peserta didik setelah penerapan model PBL berbasis TAP pada materi energi terbarukan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental design dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 13 Surabaya dengan sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas X-3, X-6, dan X-10. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, lembar tes keterampilan berpikir kritis, dan angket respon peserta didik. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji t berpasangan, analisis n-gain, dan uji ANOVA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil keterlaksanaan pembelajaran berjalan sangat baik di kelas eksperimen dan replikasi. Hasil uji t berpasangan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan hasil pre-test dan post-test di tiap kelas. Uji ANOVA menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol dan kelas replikasi dengan kontrol. Berdasarkan analisis diketahui bahwa n-gain kelas eksperimen dan replikasi lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol berdasarkan rata-rata n-gain dan n-gain per-indikator. Peserta didik di kelas eksperimen dan replikasi juga menunjukkan respon yang sangat baik pada penerapan model PBL berbasis TAP. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan model PBL berbasis TAP dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis.

Kata Kunci: Problem Based Learning, Toulmin’s Argument Pattern, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Energi Terbarukan

Critical thinking skills are one of the essential competencies in the 21st century. However, these skills have not been optimally developed at the high school level. One effort to improve them is through the implementation of instructional models. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with Toulmin’s Argument Pattern (TAP) can be used to train students in critical thinking. This study aims to describe the implementation, improvement of critical thinking skills, and student responses following the application of the PBL model based on TAP in the topic of renewable energy. This research is a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group design. The study was conducted at SMAN 13 Surabaya with the research sample consisting of classes X-3, X-6, and X-10. Data collection was carried out using a learning implementation observation sheet, a critical thinking skills test, and a student response questionnaire. The data analysis techniques used in this study included paired t-tests, n-gain analysis, and ANOVA tests. The results showed that the implementation of the learning process was carried out very well in both the experimental and replication classes. The paired t-test results indicated significant differences between the pre-test and post-test scores in each class. ANOVA results revealed differences between the experimental and control classes as well as between the replication and control classes. Based on the analysis, the n-gain scores in the experimental and replication classes were higher than those in the control class, both in terms of average n-gain and n-gain per indicator. Students in the experimental and replication classes also showed very positive responses to the implementation of the TAP-based PBL model. These findings indicate that the PBL model based on TAP can improve students’ critical thinking skills.

Keywords: Problem Based Learning, Toulmin’s Argument Pattern, Critical Thinking Skills, Renewable Energy