Pemanfaatan Tradisional dan Pengetahuan Lokal Tanaman Lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) oleh Masyarakat Pamekasan Madura

Traditional Uses and Local Knowledge of Lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) in Pamekasan, Madura

Lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) merupakan spesies dari famili Palmae (pinang-pinangan) yang umum dijumpai di Indonesia. Lontar memiliki banyak manfaat tradisional bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pemanfaatan tradisional lontar masyarakat Pamekasan, menentukan nilai kebergunaan tanaman lontar, dan mendeskripsikan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat Pamekasan ditinjau dari nilai kepentingan organ tanaman lontar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik observasi dan survei yang dilaksanakan di tiga desa di Pamekasan. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara menggunakan instrumen semi terstruktur terhadap informan kunci dan responden tentang pemanfaatan lontar. Informan kunci sebanyak lima orang ditentukan berdasarkan purposive sampling yang terdiri dari tiga sesepuh desa, satu pengrajin lontar dan satu pembudidaya lontar. Responden berjumlah 25 orang setiap desa. Data pengetahuan lokal dianalisis menggunakan nilai kebergunaan dan nilai kepentingan organ (nilai pembobotan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bagian tanaman yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat Pamekasan secara tradisional adalah daun, batang, kulit batang, buah, bunga, akar. Pengetahuan lokal masyarakat Pamekasan menunjukkan bahwa bagian tumbuhan lontar yang memiliki nilai penting adalah bunga, daun dan buah. Nilai kebergunaan tertinggi adalah lontar dimanfaatkan sebagai minuman (77%). Pemanfaatan tradisional lontar dengan cara menjemur, mengeringkan, menganyam, mengiris, menyadap, dan memasak. 

Lontar (Borassus flabellifer L.) is a species of the Palmae (areca) family that is commonly found in Indonesia. Lontar has many traditional benefits for people in Indonesia. This study aimed to reveal the traditional uses of lontar in the Pamekasan community, determine the use value of the lontar, and describe the local knowledge of the Pamekasan community in terms of the importance of its organ. This research was a descriptive study with observation and survey techniques which was carried out in three villages in Pamekasan. Data were collected through interviews using semi-structured instruments to key informants and respondents about the use of lontar. Five key informants were determined based on purposive sampling consisting of three village elders, a lontar craftsman and a lontar cultivator. Respondents amounted to 25 people per village. Local knowledge data were analyzed using use value and organ importance value (weighting value). The results showed that the plant parts used by the Pamekasan community traditionally were leaves, stems, bark, fruit, flowers, roots. Local knowledge of the Pamekasan community showed that the important value of the lontar plant including their flowers, leaves and fruit. The highest use value of lontar in Pamekasan reached by the usage as beverage ingredients (77%). The traditional use of lontar was by drying, drying, weaving, slicing, tapping, and cooking.