PENGEMBANGAN BUKU TUTORIAL MENGGAMBAR WAYANG PURWA
DEVELOPMENT OF WAYANG PURWA DRAWING TUTORIAL BOOK
ABSTRAK
Wicaksono, Soni. 2020. Pengembangan Buku Tutorial Menggambar Wayang Purwa. Tesis, Program Studi Pendidikan Seni Budaya, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing: (1) Dr. Djuli Djatiprambudi, M.Sn., dan (II) Prof. Dr. Setya Yuwana, MA.
Kata-kata Kunci: Buku Tutorial, Karakter Wayang Purwa, Ragam Penghias (Atribut) Wayang Purwa.
Pada abad ke-21 ini, menggambar wayang purwa sebagai warisan budaya bangsa Indonesia mendapat stigma dari masyarakat bahwa menggambar wayang purwa dinilai sangat rumit. Hal ini dikarenakan bentuk wayang purwa yang mempunyai proporsi baku dan ragam penghias yang rumit dan sulit untuk dipelajari. Serta kurangnya literatur, referensi, dan media yang memudahkan masyarakat umum untuk belajar menggambar wayang purwa yang mudah dan praktis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan serta mendeskripsikan buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa; mendeskripsikan kualitas buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa berdasarkan aspek kelayakan bentuk wayang purwa dan ragam penghias (atribut) wayang purwa; mendeskripsikan kualitas buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa berdasarkan aspek kelayakan isi dan materi; mendeskripsikan kualitas buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa berdasarkan aspek kelayakan pembelajaran; mendeskripsikan keefektifan buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa berdasarkan pengaruh hasil kemampuan pengguna pada saat sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa; mendeskripsikan keefektifan buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa berdasarkan hasil peningkatan kemampuan pengguna pada saat sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa.
Penelitan ini menggunakan teori pembelajaran berbasis buku tutorial, konsep pembelajaran seni dasar, unsur-usur visual dalam menggambar, variabel penyusunan unsur visual, komposisi unsur-unsur visual, penjelasan materi tentang wayang purwa dan ragam penghias (atribut) wayang purwa. Penelitian ini digolongkan ke dalam penelitian Research and Development (R&D) atau penelitian pengembangan, yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu dan menguji keefektifan produk tersebut. Sedangkan model pengembangan yang digunakan yakni model 4-D (four D model) yang terdiri dari pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, angket, dan uji coba. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan statistik deskriptif.
Buku tutorial yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini terdiri 796 halaman yang terbagi ke dalam delapan bab. Bab I membahas materi tentang persiapan menggambar yang terdiri dari media apa saja yang digunakan dalam menggambar wayang purwa. Bab II membahas materi tentang unsur seni rupa, prinsip seni rupa, & teknik bagan dalam menggambar wayang purwa. Bab III membahas tentang sejarah wayang purwa yang terdiri dari asal-usul wayang purwa, perkembangan wayang purwa, dan tokoh-tokoh wayang purwa. Bab IV membahas tentang bentuk & karakteristik wayang puwa yang terdiri dari alusan luruh, alusan branyak (lanyap), gagahan, pidekso, gusen, rasekso (denawa), rewanda (wanara), punakawan (dagelan), dan putren. Bab V membahas tentang ragam penghias (atribut) wayang purwa yang terdiri dari irah-irahan, mata (mripatan), mulut, hidung, badan (penganggebadan), kelat bahu, jari tangan (driji) & gelang, dan busana kaki (suku). Bab VI membahas tentang langkah kerja menggambar wayang purwa berdasarkan karakteristiknya yang terdiri dari alusan luruh, alusan branyak (lanyap), gagahan, pidekso, gusen, rasekso (denawa), rewanda (wanara), punakawan (dagelan), dan putren. Bab VII membahas tentang langkah kerja menggambar ragam penghias (atribut) wayang purwa yang terdiri dari irah-irahan, mata (mripatan), mulut, hidung, badan (penganggebadan), kelat bahu, jari tangan (driji) & gelang, dan busana kaki (suku). Bab VIII membahas tentang galeri wayang purwa yang berisi biografi tokoh-tokoh wayang purwa.
Hasil penelitian ini mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan produk buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D (four D model) Thiagarajan (1974). Penelitian ini juga mendeskripsikan kualitas buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa berdasarkan kelayakan bentuk wayang purwa dan ragam penghias (atribut) wayang purwa dengan skor 98,8%. Kelayakan isi dan materi dengan skor 93,3%. Kelayakan pembelajaran dengan skor 97%. Penelitian ini juga mendeskripsikan tingkat keefektifan buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa yang meliputi, (1) Pengaruh produk pengembangan terhadap peserta uji coba menggunakan Wilcoxon design experiment test, serta (2) Mengukur peningkatan kemampuan peserta uji coba dalam penggunaan produk yang telah dikembangkan. Berdasarkan output uji statistik, diketahui Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) bernilai 0,000. Karena nilai 0,000 lebih kecil dari < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara pre-test dan post-test hasil belajar menggunakan buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa. Dapat disimpulkan pula bahwa “ada pengaruh penggunaan buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa terhadap hasil belajar menggambar wayang purwa pada pengguna”. Adapun peningkatan produktivitas pengguna dalam belajar menggambar wayang purwa dan ragam penghias wayang purwa menggunakan buku tutorial menggambar wayang purwa memiliki prosentase kenaikan 21,34%.
ABSTRACT
Wicaksono, Soni. 2020. Development of Wayang Purwa Drawing Tutorial Book. Thesis, Art and Culture Education Study Program, Postgraduate, State University of Surabaya. Mentors: (1) Dr. Djuli Djatiprambudi, M.Sn., and (II) Prof. Dr. Setya Yuwana, MA.
Keywords: Tutorial Book, Character of Shadow Puppet, Various Forms of Decoration (Attributes) of Shadow Puppet.
In the 21st century, drawing wayang purwa as a cultural heritage of the Indonesian nation has received a stigma from the public that drawing wayang purwa is considered very complicated. This is because the form of wayang purwa has standard proportions and a variety of decorations that are complicated and difficult to learn. As well as the lack of literature, references, and media that make it easier for the general public to learn to draw wayang purwa easily and practically. This study aims to develop and describe a tutorial book on drawing wayang purwa; describe the quality of the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book based on the feasibility aspect of the wayang purwa form and the variety of wayang purwa decorations (attributes); describe the quality of the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book based on the feasibility of content and material aspects; describe the quality of the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book based on the feasibility aspect of learning; to describe the effectiveness of the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book based on the influence of the user's ability before and after using the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book; describes the effectiveness of the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book based on the results of increasing the user's ability before and after using the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book.
This research uses tutorial book-based learning theory, basic art learning concepts, visual elements in drawing, visual elements composition variables, visual elements composition, material explanation about wayang purwa and wayang purwa decoration (attributes). This research is classified into Research and Development (R&D) research, which is used to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. While the development model used is the 4-D model (four D model) which consists of defining, designing, developing, and distributing. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires, and trials. The data analysis technique in this study used descriptive analysis and descriptive statistics.
The tutorial book developed in this study consists of 796 pages which are divided into eight chapters. Chapter I discusses the material on drawing preparation which consists of what media are used in drawing wayang purwa. Chapter II discusses material about the elements of fine arts, the principles of fine arts, and chart techniques in drawing wayang purwa. Chapter III discusses the history of wayang purwa which consists of the origins of wayang purwa, development of wayang purwa, and wayang purwa characters. Chapter IV discusses the form & characteristics of wayang puwa which consist of alusan luruh, alusan branyak (lanyap), gagahan, pidekso, gusen, rasekso (denawa), rewanda (wanara), punakawan (dagelan), and putren. Chapter V discusses the various ornaments (attributes) of wayang purwa consisting of irah-irahan, eyes (mripatan), mouth, nose, body (penganggebadan), kelat bahu, fingers (driji) & bracelets, and leg clothes (suku). Chapter VI discusses the work steps of drawing purwa puppets based on their characteristics which consist of alusan luruh, alusan branyak (lanyap), gagahan, pidekso, gusen, rasekso (denawa), rewanda (wanara), punakawan (dagelan), and putren. Chapter VII discusses the work steps of drawing the various wayang purwa decoration (attributes) which consist of irah-irahan, eyes (mripatan), mouth, nose, body (penganggebadan), kelat bahu, fingers (driji) & bracelets, and leg clothes (suku). Chapter VIII discusses the wayang purwa gallery which contains biographies of wayang purwa characters.
The results of this study describe the product development process of the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book using the 4-D development model (four D model) of Thiagarajan (1974). This study also describes the quality of the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book based on the feasibility of the wayang purwa form and the variety of wayang purwa decoration (attributes) with a score of 98.8%. Content and material feasibility with a score of 93.3%. The feasibility of learning with a score of 97%. This study also describes the level of effectiveness of the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book which includes, (1) The effect of product development on trial participants using the Wilcoxon design experiment test, and (2) measuring the increase in the ability of trial participants in using the products that have been developed. Based on the statistical test output, it is known that Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) is worth 0.000. Because the value of 0.000 is less than <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a difference between the pre-test and post-test learning outcomes using the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book. It can also be concluded that "there is an effect of the use of the wayang purwa drawing tutorial book on the learning outcomes of the user in drawing wayang purwa". The increase in user productivity in learning to draw wayang purwa and the variety of purwa puppet decorations using the tutorial book to draw wayang purwa has an increase percentage of 21.34%.