Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Model PBL (Problem Based Learning) Berbasis STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, dan Mathematics) untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah

The Development of Learning Devices using The Problem Based Learning Model based on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) to Improve Problem Solving Skills

Aliyah, Rofi’atul. 2023. Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Model PBL (Problem Based Learning) Berbasis STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, dan Mathematics) untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah. Tesis, Program Studi S-2 Pendidikan Sains, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Pembimbing: (1) Dr. Elok Sudibyo, M.Pd., dan (2) Prof. Dr. Suyatno, M.Si.

Kata-kata Kunci: Perangkat Pembelajaran, Problem Based Learning, STEM, Keterampilan Pemecahan Masalah

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kelayakan perangkat pembelajaran model PBL (Problem Based Learning) berbasis STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, dan Mathematics) untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah, meliputi: (1) validitas perangkat, (2) kepraktisan perangkat model PBL berbasis STEM, dan (3) keefektifan perangkat model PBL berbasis STEM untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan 4D (Design, Define, Develop, dan Dessiminate) tanpa penyebaran secara luas. Desain pre-eksperimen menggunakan One Group Pretest Postest Design. Subjek penelitian yaitu perangkat pembelajaran model PBL berbasis STEM dengan uji coba terbatas pada 35 peserta didik XI IPA 3 dan uji coba luas pada 70 peserta didik dari XI IPA 1 dan XI IPA 2 SMA N 1 Tongas Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini berupa validasi, observasi, tes, dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) silabus, RPP, handout, LKPD dan tes keterampilan pemecahan masalah kategori valid; 2) kepraktisan perangkat berdasarkan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran kategori baik dan aktivitas peserta didik dalam pembelajaran berpusat pada peserta didik; 3) keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan dikategorikan efektif dengan berdasarkan pada rata-rata peningkatan keterampilan pemecahan masalah dalam kategori sedang dan mayoritas peserta didik memberikan respon positif terhadap proses pembelajaran; 4) Hasil uji paired t test nilai sig. (2 tailed) < 0,05, diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil pretest dan posttest pada kelas uji coba terbatas; 5) Hasil uji independent t test nilai sig. (2 tailed) > 0,05, diketahui bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara data n-gain pada kedua kelas replikasi di uji coba luas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran dengan model PBL berbasis STEM layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan pemecahan masalah peserta didik pada materi fluida dinamis.

Aliyah, Rofi’atul. 2023. The Development of Learning Devices using The Problem Based Learning Model based on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) to Improve Problem Solving Skills. Thesis. Science Education Masters Program. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science. Surabaya State University. Magister of Science Education. Advisor: (1) Dr. Elok Sudibyo, M.Pd., and (2) Prof. Dr. Suyatno, M.Si.

Keywords: Learning Devices, Problem Based Learning, STEM, Problem Solving Skills

This research aims to describe the feasibility of learning devices using the problem-based learning model based on STEM to improve problem-solving skills, as the following: (1) device validity, (2) practicality of learning devices using the problem-based learning model based on STEM, and (3) the effectiveness of learning devices using the problem-based learning model based on STEM to improve problem-solving skills. This research was a developmental study, i.e. 4-D (Design, Define, Develop, and Disseminate) development models without widespread dissemination. The pre-experimental design was one group pretest and posttest design. The subjects of the study were learning devices using the problem-based learning model based on STEM with applied to eleventh-grade students of the Science Program at SMA N 1 Tongas for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. This research data collection technique was in the form of validation, observation, tests, and questionnaires. The results were obtained 1) validation of syllabus, lesson plans, handouts, LKPD and problem-solving skill tests were valid; 2) practicality of devices based on the implementation of learning in good categories and student-centered learning activities; 3) the effectiveness of learning devices based on the average improvement of problem-solving skills in the medium category and students give a positive response to the implementation of learning; 4) Paired t-test results sig value. (2-tailed) < 0.05, indicating a significant difference between pretest and post-test scores in the Preliminary Field Testing; 5) The results of the independent t-test sig value. (2-tailed) > 0.05, indicating no significant difference between the n-gain scores in the two replication classes in Main Field Testing. The conclusion of this study i.e. learning devices of problem-based learning based on STEM is feasible to be used to improve students' problem-solving skills on dynamic fluid materials.