DESAIN AKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SEKOLAH DASAR MATERI BANGUN DATAR PADA SIMBOL SURYA MAJAPAHIT

DESIGN OF ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON PLANE FIGURES USING THE SURYA MAJAPAHIT SYMBOL

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pembelajaran bangun datar di sekolah dasar yang masih abstrak dan belum mengintegrasikan konteks budaya lokal, sehingga siswa kesulitan memahami konsep dasar geometri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan hasil eksplorasi bangun datar pada perubahan simbol Surya Majapahit serta mengembangkan desain aktivitas pembelajaran berbasis Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) yang memanfaatkan simbol budaya tersebut sebagai konteks belajar. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui etnografi dan design research yang dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Mojokerto, melibatkan pengamat budaya, guru, dan siswa kelas II SDN Mejoyo. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, serta uji coba aktivitas pembelajaran, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui tahapan preliminary design, teaching experiment, dan retrospective analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lingkaran dan segitiga merupakan bangun datar utama dalam seluruh variasi simbol Surya Majapahit. Desain aktivitas berbasis RME yang dikembangkan terbukti membantu siswa mengidentifikasi bentuk dan ciri bangun datar secara lebih bermakna karena berangkat dari konteks budaya yang dekat dengan kehidupan mereka. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemanfaatan budaya lokal sebagai sumber belajar geometri di sekolah dasar.

This study is grounded in the fact that learning plane figures in elementary schools remains largely abstract and rarely integrates local cultural contexts, causing students to struggle in understanding basic geometric concepts. This research aims to describe the exploration of plane-figure elements found in the historical transformations of the Surya Majapahit symbol and to develop learning activities based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) that employ this cultural symbol as a meaningful learning context. A qualitative approach was used through ethnography and design research conducted in Mojokerto, involving cultural experts, teachers, and second-grade students of SDN Mejoyo. Data were collected through observations, interviews, documentation, and pilot classroom implementations, then analyzed descriptively through the phases of preliminary design, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis. Findings reveal that circles and triangles are the predominant geometric shapes across all variations of the Surya Majapahit symbol. The RME-based learning activities designed in this study effectively supported students in identifying shapes and their properties by starting from a cultural context familiar to their daily lives. This research recommends the integration of local cultural heritage as a meaningful source for geometry learning in elementary schools.