Pengembangan Media Bangun Ruang Prisma Berbasis Augmented Reality untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Spasial Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Development of Augmented Reality-Based Prism Geometry Media to Improve Elementary School Students’ Spatial Ability

ABSTRAK

Iswahyuni, Pengembangan Media Bangun Ruang Prisma Berbasis Augmented Reality untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Spasial Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Tesis, Surabaya, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Dasar Universitas Negeri Surabaya, 2025

Kemampuan spasial merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam pembelajaran matematika, terutama dalam memahami konsep bangun ruang. Namun, hasil PISA tahun 2023 dan rapor pendidikan tahun 2024 menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan spasial siswa sekolah dasar masih tergolong rendah, khususnya materi bangun ruang prisma. Media pembelajaran yang digunakan guru belum mampu merepresentasikan objek tiga dimensi secara optimal, sehingga perlu dikembangkan media pembelajaran yang inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan media bangun ruang prisma berbasis augmented reality; (2) mengukur kevalidan; (3) mengukur kepraktisan; dan (4) mengukur keefektifan media dalam meningkatkan kemampuan spasial siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengembangan model ADDIE.  Media dikembangkan dalam bentuk AR-Book yang dapat menampilkan objek bangun ruang berbasis AR berdasarkan alur pembelajaran teori Van Hiele. Subjek uji coba terdiri dari siswa kelas V di UPT SD Negeri 111 Gresik. Instrumen penelitian meliputi lembar validasi ahli, angket kepraktisan, serta tes kemampuan spasial. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis inferensial. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa media tergolong sangat valid dengan rata-rata skor 86%. Kepraktisan media dinyatakan sangat baik berdasarkan respon guru dan siswa mencapai 95%. Hasil uji hipotesis antara pretest dan posttest menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan. Uji efektivitas menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan spasial siswa berdasarkan nilai rata-rata N-Gain 0,53, serta effect size 1,67 yang menandakan bahwa media memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan spasial siswa. Dengan demikian, media AR-Book  layak digunakan sebagai media inovatif dalam pembelajaran matematika, khususnya materi bangun ruang di sekolah dasar.

Kata kunci: Augmented Reality, Bangun Ruang Prisma, Kemampuan Spasial, Media Pembelajaran, Sekolah Dasar

ABSTRACT

Iswahyuni, Development of Augmented Reality-Based Prism Geometry Media to Improve Elementary School Students’ Spatial Ability, Thesis, Surabaya, Faculty of Education, Master’s Program in Elementary Education State University of Surabaya, 2025

Spatial ability is a critical component in mathematics education, particularly in comprehending three-dimensional geometry. However, the 2023 PISA results and the 2024 Education Report reveal that elementary students’ spatial skills remain low, especially in the topic of prism geometry. Existing instructional media have not effectively represented three-dimensional objects, underscoring the need for innovative learning tools. This study aims to: (1) describe the development process of augmented reality-based prism geometry media; (2) assess its validity; (3) evaluate its practicality; and (4) measure its effectiveness in enhancing students’ spatial ability. The research adopts the ADDIE development model. The media were developed as an AR-Book that displays three-dimensional prism models using augmented reality, aligned with the Van Hiele learning progression. The study subjects included fifth-grade students at UPT SD Negeri 111 Gresik. Data were collected using expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires, and spatial ability tests. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics. Validation results indicated high validity, with an average score of 86%. Practicality was rated excellent, with 95% positive responses from teachers and students. Hypothesis testing revealed a significant difference between pretest and post-test scores. Effectiveness testing showed a moderate improvement in spatial ability, with an average N-Gain of 0.53 and an effect size of 1.67, indicating a strong impact. Therefore, the AR-Book is considered valid, practical, and effective as an innovative medium for teaching three-dimensional geometry in elementary mathematics.

Keywords: Augmented Reality, Prism Geometry, Spatial Ability, Learning Media, Elementary School