TRADISI MENDEM ARI-ARI DAN KRAYAHAN DI DUSUN GADEL DESA PACUH KECAMATAN BALONGPANGGANG KABUPATEN GRESIK (KAJIAN FOLKLOR)

THE TRADITION OF MENDEM ARI-ARI AND KRAYAHAN IN GADEL HILL, PACUH VILLAGE, BALONGPANGGANG DISTRICT, GRESIK DISTRICT (FOLKLORE STUDY)

Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan merupakan salah satu tradisi yang ada di Dusun Gadel, Desa Pacuh, Kecamatan Balongpanggang, Kabupaten Gresik. Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari ini diadakan saat ada ibu yang melahirkan bayi, ari-ari tersebut dibawa ke rumah dan dikubur di rumah wujud dari menghormati saudara si bayi. Kalau Tradisi Krayahan diadakan saat bayi dan ibunya ada dirumah atau setelah lahiran dirumah sakit sebagai wujud rasa syukur ibu dan bayi yang lahir ini selamat. Tradisi tersebut mulai ada di jaman dahulu sampai sekarang masih dilakukan dan dilestarikan oleh masarakat Dusun Gadel, Desa Pacuh, Kecamatan Balongpanggang, Kabupaten Gresik. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini yaitu: bagaimana asal mula Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan, bagaimana wujud tata cara dalam Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan, bagaimana ubarampe dan makna simbolis dalam Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan, bagaimana manfaat yang ada didalam Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan, dan bagaimana cara melestarikan Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: menjelaskan bagaimana asal mula Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan, menjelaskan bagaimana wujud tata cara dalam Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan, menjelaskan bagaimana ubarampe dan makna simbolis dalam Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan, menjelaskan bagaimana manfaat yang ada didalam Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan, menjelaskan bagaimana cara melestarikan Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu konsep folklor dari Danandjaja.

Rancangan penelitian yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen penelitian berupa peneliti, daftar pertanyaan wawancara, lembar observasi, alat tulis, alat merekam, dan dokumen atau literatur. Teknik mengumpulkan data yaitu wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data yaitu reduksi data, display data, dan menarik simpulan. Menurut penjelasan dari salah satu informan yang keluar bersaaman pada saat lahiran ada tiga yaitu yang pertama ada kakang kawah atau air ketuban, ponang jabang bayi atau bayi, dan terakhir yaitu adhi ari-ari atau ari-ari. Oleh karena itu, saudara bayi yaitu ari-ari ini dihormati dengan cara dikubur atau dipendem. Sejak jaman dahulu saat ada ibu dan bayi sesuah lahiran setelah itu diadakan bancakan yang bisa disebut krayahan. Tata cara saat mendem ari-ari yang pertama yaitu mencuci ari-ari, menyiapkan perlengkapan mendem ari-ari, menyiapkan tempat mendem ari-ari, memasukkan ari-ari dan perlengkapan mendem ari-ari di dalam kendil, menggali tanah, mendem ari-ari, diberi tanah, diberi bunga, disiram air garam, diberi kurungan ayam, dan diberi lampu. Tata cara saat bancakan krayahan yaitu masak nasi tumpeng, menyiapkan perlengkapan untuk krayahan, menyiapkan tempat krayahan, mengundang tetangga, menunjukkan tujuan bancakan krayahan, berdo’a, membagikan nasi tumpeng dan perlengkapan krayahan, dan bersih-bersih.

Perlengkapan yang digunakan saat mendem ari-ari yaitu kendil, garam grosok, bunga, telur ayam Jawa, tulisan di kertas, benang dan jarum, kerikil, cermin, kurungan ayam, dan lampu. Kalau perlengkapan yang digunakan saat krayahan yaitu nasi tumpeng, ikan, krawu, bubur merah, bubur putih, bubur sengkala, dan jajan pasar. Manfaat yang bisa diambil dalam Tradisi Mendem Ari-ari dan Krayahan yaitu sebagai sistem proyeksi, sarana pengesahan lembaga kebudayaan, sarana pengetahuan, sarana pengendali sosial, juga ada manfaat lainnya seperti manfaat ekonomi, sebagai sarana religi, sarana sedekah, dan sarana promosi budaya. Cara melestarikan tradisi tersebut dari pihak pemerintah, masarakat, dan sekolah. Sebagai generasi muda adanya tradisi ini harus dilestarikan dan harus dipelajari lebih jelas. Dikarenkan supaya tradisi tersebut semakin lama tidak hilang dan tetap ada.

Kata Kunci : Tradisi, Mendem Ari-ari, Krayahan

The Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan tradition is one of the traditions in Gadel Hamlet, Pacuh Village, Balongpanggang District, Gresik Regency. The Mendem Ari-ari tradition is held when a mother gives birth to a baby, the placenta is taken home and buried in the house as a form of respect for the baby's siblings. The Krayahan Tradition is held when the baby and mother are at home or after birth in the hospital as a form of gratitude for the mother and baby who was born safely. This tradition began in ancient times and is still carried out and preserved by the people of Gadel Hamlet, Pacuh Village, Balongpanggang District, Gresik Regency. The formulation of the problem of this research is: what is the origin of the Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan Traditions, what are the procedures in the Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan Traditions, what are the ubarampe and symbolic meanings in the Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan Traditions, what are the benefits in Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan traditions, and how to preserve the Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan traditions. The aims of this research are: explaining the origins of the Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan Traditions, explaining how the procedures exist in the Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan Traditions, explaining how ubarampe and symbolic meanings exist in the Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan Traditions, explaining how the benefits which is in the Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan Tradition, explains how to preserve the Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan Tradition. The theory used in this research is the folklore concept from Danandjaja.

The research design is descriptive qualitative. The research instruments include researchers, a list of interview questions, observation sheets, writing tools, recording tools, and documents or literature. Techniques for collecting data are interviews, observation, documentation and field notes. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. According to the explanation of one of the informants who came out together at the time of birth, there were three, namely the first was kakang kawah or amniotic fluid, ponang jabang baby or baby, and the last was adhi ari-ari or ari-ari. Therefore, the baby's sibling, namely the placenta, is respected by being buried or placed in a pendem. Since ancient times, when there were mothers and babies after birth, bancakan was held which could be called krayahan. The first procedure for placing the placenta is washing the placenta, preparing the placenta, preparing the place for the placenta, putting the placenta and the placenta in the kendil, digging the ground, pressing the placenta. , given soil, given flowers, doused with salt water, given chicken cages, and given lights. The procedures for bancakan krayahan are cooking tumpeng rice, preparing equipment for krayahan, preparing a place for krayahan, inviting neighbors, indicating the purpose of bancakan krayahan, praying, distributing tumpeng rice and krayahan equipment, and cleaning.

The equipment used when the placenta is infected are kendil, salt grosok, flowers, Javanese chicken eggs, writing on paper, thread and needle, pebbles, mirrors, chicken cages, and lamps. The equipment used during krayahan is tumpeng rice, fish, krawu, red porridge, white porridge, sengkala porridge, and market snacks. The benefits that can be taken from the Mendem Ari-ari and Krayahan Traditions are as a projection system, a means of ratifying cultural institutions, a means of knowledge, a means of social control, there are also other benefits such as economic benefits, as a means of religion, a means of alms, and a means of cultural promotion. How to preserve this tradition from the government, community and schools. As a young generation, this tradition must be preserved and must be studied more clearly. This is because this tradition will not disappear over time and will still exist.

Keywords : Tradition, Mendem Ari-ari, Krayahan