Kajian Taksonomi Numerik Tiga Jenis Syzygium Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi
Numerical Taxonomy Study of Three Species Syzygium Based on Morfological Characters
Jambu air merupakan salah satu komoditas buah yang telah banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Pembudidayaan jambu air terus berkembang dan kultivar baru terus bermunculan berakibat pada karakter yang sulit dikenali. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi morfologi, menganalisis hubungan kekerabatan dan analisis karakter penanda antar jenis jambu air. Prosedur penelitian meliputi eksplorasi dan koleksi sampel, pengamatan karakter morfologi, analisis hubungan kekerabatan dan analisis karakter penanda. Eksplorasi dan koleksi sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dilakukan pada tiga jenis yaitu Syzygium aqueum, S. samarangense dan S. malaccense. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dilakukan dengan mengamati sampel koleksi jambu air berdasarkan 81 karakter vegetatif dan generatif. Analisis hubungan kekerabatan menggunakan metode klastering berdasarkan 18 good character. Analisis karakter penanda menggunakan PCA. Hasil hubungan kekerabatan menunjukkan S. samarangense dan S. malaccense lebih dekat kekerabatannya dengan nilai similaritas 46% dibandingkan S. aqueum. Karakter penanda yang membedakan tiga jenis jambu air meliputi tinggi pohon, diameter batang, lingkar batang, panjang dan lebar daun, bentuk pangkal dan ujung daun, panjang tangkai bunga, panjang kelopak, warna mahkota, warna tangkai sari, warna putik, panjang tangkai putik, warna eksokarp dan ketebalan mesokarp.
Jambu air is a commodity fruit that has been widely cultivated in Indonesia. Jambu air cultivation that produced new cultivars makes their characthers difficult to recognize. This descriptive-quantitative study aimeds to morphology characterize, relationship analyze and character marker analyze between three species of jambu air. Research procedures included exploration and sample collection, observation of morphological characters, analysis of relationship and analysis of marker characters. Exploration and sample collection using purposive sampling method were carried out on three species namely Syzygium aqueum, S. samarangense and S. malaccense. Observation of morphological characters was carried out by observing jambu air samples based on 81 vegetative and generative characters. Relationship analysis used clustering method based on 18 good characters. Analysis of marker characters used PCA based on 22 analysis characters. Fenogram showed that S. samarangense and S. malaccense were closer to each other with a similarity value 46% compared to S. aqueum. Characters that can be used as a marker for these three species jambu air were the height of the tree, stem diameter, stem circumference, leave length and width, shape of base and tip of leaves, flower stalk length, sepal length, petal color, filament color, pistil color, pistil length, exocarp color and mesocarp thickness.