AKTIVITAS BIOFUNGISIDA EKSTRAK SERAI WANGI (Cymbopogon nardus L.) DAN ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipes) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN Curvularia lunata

BIOFUNGICIDE ACTIVITY OF CITRONELLA (Cymbopogon nardus L.) AND WATER HYACINTH (Eichhornia crassipes) EXTRACTS IN INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF Curvularia lunata

Curvularia lunata termasuk jamur patogen penyebab penyakit bercak daun yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi dan gangguan kesehatan jika terkonsumsi. Alternatif pengendalian C. lunata yaitu dengan penggunaan biofungisida. Serai wangi dan Eceng gondok berpotensi sebagai biofungisida karena mengandung senyawa geraniol dan flavonoid yang bersifat antifungi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antifungi ekstrak serai wangi dan eceng gondok beserta kombinasinya dan konsentrasi yang optimal serta interaksi keduanya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan C. lunata. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 2 faktor perlakukan yaitu jenis ekstrak dan konsentrasi ekstrak dengan 3 ulangan. Jenis ekstrak yang digunakan yaitu serai wangi, eceng gondok, kombinasi keduanya perbandingan 1:1, 3:1, dan 1:3. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan 20%, 40%, dan 60%, dan kontrol positif propineb 70%, serta kontrol negatif DMSO 10%. Parameter uji yaitu diameter koloni dan persentase hambatan pertumbuhan C. lunata yang dianalisis dengan Two Way ANOVA dilajut dengan uji duncan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah jenis ekstrak tanaman dan konsentrasi ekstrak serai wangi dan eceng gondok beserta kombinasi keduanya berpengaruh terhadap hambatan pertumbuhan C. lunata. Konsentrasi optimal yakni ekstrak serai wangi pada konsentrasi 20% (S20%) yang berpengaruh tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol positif (propineb) dengan nilai rata-rata diameter koloni 0,87±0,03 cm dan persentase hambatan pertumbuhan 87,06±0,43 %, serta terdapat interaksi antara ekstrak serai wangi dan eceng gondok dengan nilai tertinggi diperoleh kombinasi esktrak serai wangi dan eceng gondok perbandingan 3:1 (SE-B60%) dengan rata-rata diameter koloni 0,80±0,00 cm dan persentase hambatan pertumbuhan 88,06±0,00 %. Sehingga ekstrak serai wangi dan eceng gondok dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai biofungisida alternatif fungisida sintetis.

Kata kunci : Curvularia lunata; Serai wangi; Eceng gondok; Hambatan pertumbuhan; Biofungisida

Curvularia lunata is a pathogenic fungus that causes leaf spot disease which causes economic losses and health problems if consumed. Alternative control of C. lunata is by using biofungicides. Lemon grass and water hyacinth have potential as biofungicides because they contain geraniol and flavonoid compounds which are antifungal. The purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal activity of citronella and water hyacinth extracts and their combinations and optimal concentrations as well as their interactions in inhibiting the growth of C. lunata. This study used a completely randomized design with 2 treatment factors, namely the type of extract and the concentration of the extract with 3 replications. The types of extracts used were citronella, water hyacinth, a combination of the two in a ratio of 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3. Extract concentrations used were 20%, 40%, and 60%, and 70% propineb positive control, and 10% DMSO negative control. The test parameters were colony diameter and percentage of growth inhibition of C. lunata which were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test. The results of this study were the types of plant extracts and the concentrations of citronella and water hyacinth extracts and their combinations affected the growth inhibition of C. lunata. The optimal concentration is citronella extract at a concentration of 20% (S20%) which is not significantly different from the positive control (propineb) with an average colony diameter of 0.87 ± 0.03 cm and a percentage of growth inhibition of 87.06 ± 0.43%, and there was an interaction between citronella and water hyacinth extracts with the highest value obtained from a combination of citronella and water hyacinth extracts with a ratio of 3:1 (SE-B60%) with an average colony diameter of 0.80 ± 0.00 cm and a percentage of growth inhibition 88.06 ± 0.00 %. So that citronella and water hyacinth extracts can be used as alternative biofungicides for synthetic fungicides.

Keywords: Curvularia lunata; citronella; Water hyacinth; growth inhibition; Biofungicide