Abstract
Wahyu
Henky Irawan, 2019. The Reasoning Process of Mathematics Students to Solving
Proof Problems in Algebraic Structures Based on Differences in Mathematical Ability
and Gender. Disertation. Mathematic Education Study Program,
Postgraduate Program at Surabaya State University. Promotor Prof. Drs. I Ketut
Budayasa, Ph.D., dan Copromotor Dr. Agung Lukito, MS
Key words : reasoning,
solving the problem, proving, mathematical ablity, gender
This study describes the
reasoning of mathematics students to solving proof problems in algebraic
structures based on gender and mathematical abilities. The approach research is
qualitative with the type of research is explorative. Subjects in the study
were two male and female students with high mathematical abilities and two male
and female students with moderate mathematical abilities. To the four subjects
given the task of problem solving (TPM) in the form of a matter of proof on the
algebraic structure. Then conducted interviews with each subject 2 times to find
out the complexity of the data obtained . The questions in the interview refer to the
reasoning of the subject in proving the question of TPM. Analysis of the
subject's reasoning is divided into 4 parts according to polya which are
categorized in reasoning in understanding the problem, reasoning in planning
evidence, reasoning in carrying out evidence and reasoning in proofing
examination. The analysis of reasoning is carried out on 2 reviews, namely
reasoning as a cognitive process and reasoning as a process of decision making
or inference.
In the reasoning to
understand the problem, viewed from reasoning as a cognitive process shows that
the four subjects conceptualize information from the TPM problem into
"what is known" or what is known and "what is shown" or
what is shown. The four subjects also conceptualized the information presented
in the proper symbol. The reasoning of the four subjects in terms of decision
making is structurally in the form of implications. Because the antecedent is "what
is known" and the conclusion is "what is shown". So the proof of
argument takes the form of modus ponens. Mathematic-capable subjects are
superior because they explicitly write information from TPM questions into
statements of implication.
In the reasoning to plan
evidence, in terms of reasoning as a cognitive process, it shows that all four
subjects compile a plan of evidence that is true and complete to obtain
conclusions that are consistent with what is shown. In compiling an evidence
plan it involves "what is known", stating claims, showing proof of
claims and writing statements that are equivalent to what is known, and
applying group axioms and theorems. The
reasoning of the four subjects in terms of the decision making process, that
structurally the argument in stating a claim is in the form of implications;
the structure of the argument in showing proof of claim in the form of
syllogism; the structure of the argument in compiling a series of evidence
plans is in the form of syllogism. The male subject is superior in developing
evidence plans because his arguments are more practical and shorter in
obtaining conclusions that are consistent with what is shown. At the beginning
of the evidence plan, the female subject links the statement of what is known
to the group theorem, while the male subject starts by using claims.
In the reasoning to carry out the
evidence plan, that the four subjects repeat or rewrite the evidence plan into
a series of proof steps. So the similarities and differences in the subject of men
and women when carrying out the proof are the same as the similarities and
differences in the two subjects when planning evidence. Male subjects are
superior in carrying out proof because they write evidence steps that are more
practical and shorter to get conclusions in accordance with what is shown
In the reasoning to proof
examination, cognitively female subjects (with high mathematical ability) are
superior because they can make alternative ways to prove. The argument is used
structurally takes the form of syllogism. All four subjects have done a
complete examination that their work is correct and appropriate. Because the
four subjects have succeeded in getting a conclusion that is in appropiate to
what is shown.
From
these study, the authors suggest to following up on relational reasoning,
because the four subjects can make relations what is known, apply claims, use
axioms and group theorems and use statements that are equivalent to what is
known