Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Gizi, Asupan Energi, dan Protein pada Ibu Hamil dengan Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) di Puskesmas Manyar Kota Gresik

Description of the Level of Nutritional Knowledge, Energy and Protein Intake in Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) at the Manyar Health Center in Gresik City

Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia kehamilan maka kebutuhan gizi ibu hamil pun meningkat. Pemenuhan peningkatan asupan gizi ini memiliki peran penting terhadap kesehatan ibu dan janin, terutama asupan energi dan protein sebagai sumber tenaga dan zat pembangun. Kekurangan asupan zat gizi tertentu dimasa kehamilan dapat menyebabkan cadangan/persediaan di dalam tubuh akan digunakan untuk memenuhi ketidakcukupan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan gizi, asupan energi serta protein pada ibu hamil dengan Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) di Pusekesmas manyar Kota Gresik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian deskriptif. Responden yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 30 ibu hamil dengan Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data tingkat pengetahuan gizi diambil menggunakan tes, data asupan energi dan protein diambil melalui 3 day non consecutive 24 hour recall. Data yang didapat tersebut kemudian disajikan dalam tabel distributif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan gizi ibu hamil dengan Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) di Puskesmas Manyar Kota Gresik mayoritas berada dalam kategori cukup yaitu sebesar 70%. Rata-rata asupan energi pada ibu hamil dengan KEK trimester I yaitu sebesar 1217,9 kkal, trimester II yaitu 1190,9 kkal, dan trimester III yaitu 1196,8 kkal. Sementara asupan protein ibu hamil dengan KEK trimester I yaitu sebesar 50,8 gram, trimester II yaitu 53,5 gram, dan trimester III yaitu 49,1 gram. Asupan energi dan protein memiliki rata-rata pemenuhan <80% yang termasuk dalam kategori kurang. Hal ini diduga karena adanya gejala mual muntah atau morning sickness serta porsi makan ibu hamil yang sedikit sehingga tidak mencukupi kebutuhan energi dan protein dalam sehari.

Kata kunci: Ibu hamil, Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK), Pengetahuan gizi, Asupan energi, Asupan protein 

As the gestational age increases, the nutritional needs of pregnant women also increase. Fulfillment of increased nutritional intake has an important role for the health of the mother and fetus, especially the intake of energy and protein as a source of energy and building blocks. Lack of intake of certain nutrients during pregnancy can cause reserves/supplies in the body to be used to meet this insufficiency. This research was conducted with the aim to describe the level of nutritional knowledge, energy and protein intake in pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) at the Manyar Public Health Center, Gresik City.The type of research used is descriptive research. Respondents used in this study were 30 pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on the level of nutritional knowledge was taken using a test, data on energy and protein intake was taken through 3 non-consecutive 24-hour recall days. The data obtained is then presented in a distributive table. The results showed that the level of nutritional knowledge of pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) at the Manyar Health Center, Gresik City, was mostly in the sufficient category, namely 70%. The average energy intake of pregnant women with CED in the first trimester is 1217.9 kcal, in the second trimester it is 1190.9 kcal, and in the third trimester it is 1196.8 kcal. While the protein intake of pregnant women with CED in the first trimester is 50.8 grams, in the second trimester it is 53.5 grams, and in the third trimester it is 49.1 grams. Energy and protein intake has an average supply of <80% which is included in the less category. This is presumably due to the symptoms of nausea, vomiting or morning sickness and the small portion of pregnant women's food so that they do not meet energy and protein needs in a day.

Keywords: Pregnant women, Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), Knowledge of nutrition, energy intake, protein intake