The Development of an Interactive E-Book on the Human Digestive System to Train the Critical Thinking Skill of 11 ^th  Grade in Senior High School

Abstrak

Transformasi dalam bidang teknologi dan kurikulum pendidikan mendorong pentingnya penguatan keterampilan abad ke-21, terutama kemampuan berpikir kritis. Materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia pada mata pelajaran Biologi kelas XI merupakan topik yang relevan untuk melatih keterampilan berpikir kritis karena berkaitan langsung dengan masalah kehidupan sehari-hari peserta didik. Namun, hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran masih didominasi metode ceramah dan bahan ajar cetak berisi soal- soal pada level kognitif dasar sehingga keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik belum berkembang optimal. Bahan ajar cetak yang digunakan juga tidak memuat elemen interaktif seperti video atau hyperlink, sehingga kurang mendukung visualisasi materi dan pembelajaran mandiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan e-book interaktif materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia yang teruji validitas dan kepraktisannya untuk melatih keterampilan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini menggunakan model 4D (define, design, develop, disseminate). Metode penelitian menggunakan lembar validasi dan respon. Validitas diukur bedasarkan validasi ahli media, ahli materi serta guru biologi SMA. Validitas e-book ditentukan berdasarkan komponen penyajian, isi, kebahasaan, interaktif dan keterampilan berpikir krititis. Kepraktisan diukur berdasarkan lembar respon peserta didik terkait kemudahan penggunaan ­e-book. E-book ini di uji cobakan secara terbatas pada 20 peserta didik kelas XI IPA MA Unggulan Al-Falah Sidoarjo. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu e-book interaktif tergolong dalam kategori sangat valid dengan skor mencapai 3,93. Kepraktisan mencapai 97,4% termasuk dalam kriteria sangat praktis. Dengan demikian, e-book interaktif materi Sistem Pencernaan Manusia sangat valid serta praktis untuk dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran sebagai sumber belajar.

Kata Kunci: Inovasi pembelajaran, lietrasi digital, keterampilan abad ke-21, pendidikan berkualitas, berpikir kritis.

Abstract

The transformation in technology and educational curriculum emphasized the importance of strengthening 21st-century skills, especially critical thinking. The human digestive system material in 11th-grade biology was a relevant topic to train students critical thinking skills because it was closely related to everyday life issues. However, observations showed that learning was still dominated by lecture methods and printed teaching materials containing only lower-order cognitive questions, so students critical thinking skills had not developed optimally. The printed teaching materials also lacked interactive elements such as videos or hyperlinks, which limited concept visualization and independent learning. This study aimed to produce a valid and practical an interactive e-book on the human digestive system to practice critical thinking skills. The research applied the 4D development model (define, design, develop, disseminate). Data were collected using validation and response sheets. The validity was assessed by a education and material experts, and a high school biology teachers based on components including presentation, content, language, interactivity, and critical thinking support. Practicality was measured through student responses regarding ease of use. The e-book was tried out a limited bases on 20 students of class XI Science MA Unggulan Al-Falah Sidoarjo. Data analysis used a descriptive quantitative and qualitative approach. The results showed that the interactive e-book was categorized as very valid, with a score of 3.93. Its practicality reached 97.4%, which was considered very practical. Therefore, the interactive e-book on the human digestive system was proven to be highly valid and practical for use as a learning resource in the classroom.

Keywords: learning innovation, digital literacy, 21st-century skills, quality education, critical thinking.