Studi Kasus Akuisisi Fonologis Pada Anak Multibahasa Keturunan Tionghoa Usia Sepuluh Tahun

A CASE STUDY PHONOLOGICAL ACQUISITION OF A TEN-YEAR OLD CHINESE MULTILINGUAL CHILD

Akuisisi fonologi adalah merupakan proses pemerolehan bahasa kedua atau bahasa ketiga. Dalam ucapan anak hanya ada satu proses yang dapat terjadi dalam perolehan fonologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan deskripsi tentang perolehan fonologis oleh anak multibahasa keturunan Cina berusia sepuluh tahun. Deskripsi proses fonologis yang dibuktikan dalam ucapan anak yang dilaporkan. Data diambil dari rekaman suara dan transkripsi menggunakan International Phonetic (IPA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar konsonan seperti bilabial [p], [b], [m] labiodental [f] dan [v], konsonan alveolar [t], [d], [s], [z] , [n], [l], konsonan retroflex [r], konsonan palat-alveolar [tʃ], konsonan velar [k], [g], [ŋ], konsonan labiovelar [w] dan konsonan glottal [h], konsonan dental [θ], [ð], konsonan palat-alveolar [ʃ], [ʒ], serta [dʒ] diperoleh oleh anak multibahasa keturunan cina. Tidak hanya konsonan, anak tersebut telah memperoleh vocal seperti vokal pendek [ɪ], [e], [æ], [ʌ], [ʊ], [ɒ], dan [ə], vokal panjang [i:], [ɑ] :], [ɔ:], [ɜ:], dan [u:], diftong [eɪ], [oʊ], [aʊ], [ɪə], [eə], [ə], [aɪ], [ʊə] ] sebagai bahasa keduanya. Namun, ada konsonan dalam bahasa pertamanya yang terpengaruh oleh cara artikulasi bahasa keduanya.

The acquisition of phonology is the first step toward learning a second or more languages. In child speech sound there is only one process that may occur in a phonological acquisition. This research aims to provide a description of phonological acquisition of a ten-year-old Chinese multilingual child. The description of Phonological process evidenced in the child speech is reported. The data was taken from voice recorded and transcribed using the International Phonetic (IPA). The research result shows that most of consonants such as bilabial [p],[b],[m] labiodental [f] and [v], alveolar consonants [t],[d],[s],[z],[n],[l], retroflex consonant [r], palate-alveolar consonant [tʃ], velar consonants [k], [g],[ŋ], labiovelar consonant [w] and glottal consonant [h], dental consonants [θ], [ ð] palate-alveolar consonants [ʃ], [ʒ], as well as [dʒ]were acquired by the Chinese sequential multilingual child. Not only the consonant, the child has been acquired vowels such as short vowels [ɪ], [e], [æ], [ʌ], [ʊ], [ɒ], and [ə], long vowels [i:], [ɑ:], [ɔ:], [ɜ:], and [u:],diphthongs [eɪ], [oʊ], [aʊ], [ɪə], [eə], [ɔɪ], [aɪ], [ʊə] as her second language. However, there is consonants in her first language get affected by the manner of articulation of her second language.