Aktivitas Antidiabetik Ekstrak Daun Sawo Manila Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah dan Penyembuhan Ulkus Mencit Diabetes

Antidiabetic Activity of Sapodilla Leaf Extract on Blood Glucose Levels and Healing of Diabetic Mice Ulcers

Hiperglikemia disebabkan kelebihan ROS mendorong stress oksidatif sel beta pankreas dan menghambat sekresi insulin pada diabetes melitus. Hal ini berpotensi menghasilkan komplikasi ulkus diabetik. Tingginya aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi daun sawo manila berpotensi mengobati diabetes. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui jenis metabolit sekunder daun sawo manila, pengaruhnya terhadap kadar gula darah, persentase penyembuhan ulkus, serta pengaruh ekstrak paling optimal. Mencit jantan galur DDY diinduksi alloxan 2,2 mg/20g BB dengan enam kelompok meliputi kontrol negatif (KN), kontrol positif (KP), ekstrak DOSI (5,6 mg/20g BB), DOSII (16,8 mg/20g BB), DOSIII (28 mg/20g BB), glibenclamide dengan empat ulangan selama 14 hari perlakuan. Identifikasi senyawa daun sawo manila dilakukan skrining fitokimia di Laboratorium Kimia Organik UNESA. Pengukuran kadar gula darah dilakukan menggunakan glukometer. Pengukuran ulkus dilakukan pengukuran panjang ulkus dan perhitungan persentase penyembuhan. Analisis kadar gula darah menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA, persentase penyembuhan ulkus menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis program SPSS. Uji fitokimia menunjukkan sawo manila mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, triterpenoid, fenolik, dan tanin. Pemberian ekstrak daun sawo manila berpengaruh signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap kadar gula darah puasa hari ke-14 perlakuan (p>0,015) dan penyembuhan ulkus diabetikum (p>0,001). Pengaruh paling optimal ditunjukkan oleh DOSII (ekstrak 16,8 mg/20g BB). Dengan demikian, daun sawo manila berpotensi sebagai obat diabetes melitus.

Hyperglycemia caused excess ROS promotes oxidative stress of pancreatic β cells and inhibits insulin production in diabetes mellitus. It has the potential to produce complications of diabetic ulcers. The high antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of sapodilla leaves have the potential to treat diabetes. The study aimed to determine the type of secondary metabolite of sapodilla leaf, the effect on blood glucose levels, the percentage of ulcer healing, and the effect of the most optimal extract. Male mice DDY strain were induced alloxan 2.2 mg/20g BW with six groups namely negative control (NC), positive control (PC), the extract DOSI (5.6 mg/20g BW), DOSII (16.8 mg/20g BW), DOSIII (28 mg/20g BW), glibenclamide with four replications for 14 days of treatment. Identification compound of sapodilla leaves was carried out by phytochemical screening at the UNESA Organic Chemistry Laboratory. Measurement of blood glucose levels was carried out using a glucometer. Ulcer measurement was done by measuring the length of the ulcer and calculating the percentage of healing. Blood glucose levels were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA test, the percentage ulcer healing used the Kruskal Wallis test through the SPSS program. The phytochemical test showed that sapodilla has alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, phenolics, and tannins. The administration of sapodilla leaf extract had a significant effect (p<0.05) on fasting blood glucose levels on the 14th day of the treatment (p>0.015) and diabetic ulcer healing (p>0.001). The most optimal effect is shown by DOSII (extract 16.8 mg/20 g BW). Thus, sapodilla leaves have the potential as a remedy for diabetes mellitus.