Studi Analitis Deskriptif Faktor Penyebab Penyakit Hipertensi Pada Wanita Lansia Usia 45 Tahun Keatas Di Desa Rangkah Kidul Kabupaten Sidoarjo

Descriptive Analytical Study On The Causes Of Hypertension In Elderly Women Aged 45 Years And Above In Rangkah Kidul Village Sidoarjo Regency

Angka penderita hipertensi yang meningkat di Kabupaten Sidoarjo, dapat diakibatkan oleh banyak faktor seperti sosial ekonomi, lingkungan, pola makan dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab dari hipertensi yang dialami lansia di Desa Rangkah Kidul. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola makan, konsumsi natrium dan lemak, serta aktivitas fisik dari lansia di Desa Rangkah Kidul.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian yaitu studi deskriptif analitis. Subjek penelitian yaitu 6 lansia penderita hipertensi sebagai informan utama dan 7 informan pendukung di Desa Rangkah Kidul. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam semi terstruktur. Dengan menggunakan instrumen penelitian yaitu kuesioner data diri dan pedoman wawancara. Data yang telah diperoleh akan di validasi menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola makan lansia sebelum mengalami hipertensi cenderung mengonsumsi lauk hewani berupa ikan dan telur, lauk nabati seperti tahu tempe, dan mengonsumsi sayuran setiap hari. Konsumsi natrium lansia sebelum mengalami hipertensi berasal dari garam, monosodium glutamat (MSG) dan produk makanan asin. Konsumsi lemak lansia sebelum mengalami hipertensi berasal dari santan dan penggunaan minyak goreng setiap hari. Serta aktivitas fisik lansia sebelum hipertensi seperti senam lansia dan jalan kaki.

The increasing number of hypertension sufferers in Sidoarjo Regency can be caused by many factors such as socio-economic, environment, diet and lack of physical activity. This study aims to determine the causes of hypertension experienced by the elderly in Rangkah Kidul Village. In addition, this study also aims to analyze diet, consumption of sodium and fat, and physical activity of the elderly in Rangkah Kidul Village.

The research method used is qualitative research with a research design that is a descriptive analytical study. The research subjects were 6 elderly people with hypertension as the main informants and 7 supporting informants in Rangkah Kidul Village. The data collection technique used was semi-structured in-depth interviews. By using the research instrument, such as personal data questionnaires and interview guidelines. The data that has been obtained will be validated using source triangulation. The results showed that the diet of the elderly before experiencing hypertension tended to consume animal side dishes such as fish and eggs, vegetable side dishes such as tofu and tempeh, and consumed vegetables every day. Sodium consumption in the elderly before experiencing hypertension comes from salt, monosodium glutamate (MSG) and salty food products. The fat consumption of the elderly before experiencing hypertension came from coconut milk and the use of cooking oil every day. As well as the physical activity of the elderly before hypertension such as elderly gymnastics and walking.